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Among different approaches that can be considered for concrete rehabilitation, bonded overlays are often the most economical alternative. The primary purpose of overlays is to extend the life of the candidate structures, either by restoring the quality and integrity of the surface and/or the re-establishing or improving the load-carrying capacity. Nevertheless, the durability of bonded overlay systems still draws concerns in the technical community because of bond sustainability problems encountered in a number of cases. At this time, there is still no accepted design approach or methodology that can warrant the practitioner a successful outcome of the repair. This State-of-Art report summarizes the findings with respect to all aspects involved in the overlaying process.
This book presents the latest advances in research to analyze mechanical damage and its detection in multilayer systems. The contents are linked to the Rilem TC241 - MCD scientific activities and the proceedings of the 8th RILEM International Conference on Mechanisms of Cracking and Debonding in Pavements (MCD2016). MCD2016 was hosted by Ifsttar and took place in Nantes, France, on June 7-9, 2016. In their lifetime, pavements undergo degradation due to different mechanisms of which cracking is among the most important ones. The damage and the fracture behavior of all its material layers as well as interfaces must be understood. In that field, the research activities aims to develop a deeper fundamental understanding of the mechanisms responsible for cracking and debonding in asphalt concrete and composite (e.g. asphalt overlays placed on PCC or thin cement concrete overlay placed on asphalt layer) pavement systems.
A procedure is developed by which the likelihood of delamination of bonded concrete overlays on continuously reinforced concrete pavements is reduced. The procedure compares the early age interface stress to the expected interface bond strength for a variety of environmental conditions. When the calculated stress exceeds the expected strength, it is recommended that overlay placement be curtailed until the possibility of debonding is reduced. A finite element method program is used to determine the early age stresses resulting from temperature and shrinkage induced volume changes. Stresses were determined for a variety of environmental and material combinations and overlay thicknesses. Analyses show that a significant reduction in stress results from the use of overlay materials which have a lower modulus and thermal coefficient than those of the existing slab. The stresses for a given combination of materials and environmental conditions are compared to the interface bond strength at early ages. Early age interface shear and tensile strengths are estimated from 7-day strength test results. The estimated strength, together with the variability of the interface strength, are used to calculate the likelihood of delamination for a given type of overlay and time of placement. This likelihood can be reduced through the selection of a different overlay material or time of placement.
Concrete structures are designed with a specific service life in mind and deteriorate over time due to their exposure to environmental conditions. In order to increase the service life of concrete structures, they can sometimes be rehabilitated and repaired using concrete overlays. However, problems may develop between the new and old concrete due to differential shrinkage between the concrete substrate and overlay. These differential shrinkages typically result in the build - up of tensile stresses within the overlay. If the concrete does not possess sufficient tensile strength, the overlay will crack and or delaminate, which is usually considered failure. To prevent cracking, the quantity of shrinkage that occurs in the overlay needs to be minimised. Literature suggests that the addition of superabsorbent polymers (SAP's) to the concrete overlay can reduce the total shrinkage that occurs. A large amount of research exists pertaining to the use on SAP's in high performance concrete (HPC), while very little research has been done regarding their influence of overlays. This research investigated how the addition of SAP's to overlays containing silica fume (SF) would improve bonded concrete overlay performance. Testing was conducted on overlay samples with a water:binder (W/b) ratio of 0.45 and 0.55 with SAP contents of containing 0%, 0.2%, 0.4% and 0.6% of the total binder content. Samples were subjected to a large number of tests including compressive, tensile and shear bond strength, durability, tensile relaxation, elastic modulus, carbonation, bulk diffusion and free and restrained shrinkage. The results of this research indicate d that the SAP's had a greater influence on samples with a higher w/b ratio. The results also suggested that an increase in SAP content resulted in improved tensile strength, tensile relaxation and durability while also reducing the rate of drying shrinkage at early ages.
Understanding and recognising failure mechanisms in concrete is a fundamental pre-requisite to determining the type of repair, or whether a repair is feasible. This title provides a review of concrete deterioration and damage, as well as looking at the problem of defects in concrete. It also discusses condition assessment and repair techniques.Part one discusses failure mechanisms in concrete and covers topics such as causes and mechanisms of deterioration in reinforced concrete, types of damage in concrete structures, types and causes of cracking and condition assessment of concrete structures. Part two reviews the repair of concrete structures with coverage of themes such as standards and guidelines for repairing concrete structures, methods of crack repair, repair materials, bonded concrete overlays, repairing and retrofitting concrete structures with fiber-reinforced polymers, patching deteriorated concrete structures and durability of repaired concrete.With its distinguished editor and international team of contributors, Failure and repair of concrete structures is a standard reference for civil engineers, architects and anyone working in the construction sector, as well as those concerned with ensuring the safety of concrete structures. - Provides a review of concrete deterioration and damage - Discusses condition assessment and repair techniques, standards and guidelines