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In Illinois, there were 217 wrong-way crashes on freeways from 2004 to 2009, resulting in 44 killed and 248 injured. This research project sought to determine the contributing factors to wrong-way crashes on freeways and to develop promising, cost-conscious countermeasures to reduce these driving errors and their related crashes. A thorough literature review was conducted to summarize the best practices on design, safety, and operational issues related to wrong-way driving on freeways by different states in the United States and abroad. Six-year crash data from the Illinois Department of Transportation were then collected for identifying wrong-way crashes.
The Florida Department of Transportation has studied wrong way crashes occurring on interestate freeways and expressways throughout the state of Florida. In the past five years (2009-2013), 280 crashes have occurred on Florida's freeways and expressways resulting in more than 400 injuries and 75 deaths. This study analyzed trends and contributing factors surrounding wrong way driving on freeways and expressways. It proposed systemic countermeasures to prevent or discourage wrong way occurrences, reducing wrong way crashes and driving down fatalities on Florida's freeways and expressways.
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Driving the wrong way on freeways has been a nagging traffic safety problem since the interstate highway system was founded in the 1950s. Despite four decades of highway striping and sign improvements at freeway interchanges, the problem persists. This paper is to determine the contributing factors to wrong-way driving on freeways and to develop promising, cost-conscious countermeasures to reduce driving errors and related crashes. Based on the collected wrong-way crash data, the safety performance function (SPF) for wrong-way crashes on freeway was developed with the annual average daily traffic (AADT) and segment length being the independent variables. The procedures for candidate wrong-way crash sites diagnoses with crash data, historic site data, field condition and other information were described step by step. The methods for contributing factors identification were proposed and the Haddon matrix for wrong-way crashes on freeway was constructed finally. Methods for selecting wrong-way crash countermeasures from the perspective of "four E's" based on crash analysis finding, site-specific contributing factors and geographical characteristics were discussed, and research needs on wrong-way crash management in the future were recommended.
This special investigation report looks at one of the most serious types of highway accidents-collisions involving vehicles traveling the wrong way on high-speed divided highways. The goal of this investigative project is to identify relevant safety recommendations to prevent wrong-way collisions on such highways and access ramps. The investigations included in the report take a focused view of the driver and highway issues affecting wrong-way collisions. The report addresses the following safety issues concerning wrong-way driving: driver impairment, primarily from alcohol use, with consideration of older driver issues and possible drug involvement; the need to establish, through traffic control devices and highway design, distinctly different views for motorists approaching entrance and exit ramps; monitoring and intervention programs for wrong-way collisions; and in-vehicle driver support systems.
Drivers who make wrong-way entries onto freeways pose a serious risk to the safety of other motorists and themselves. This report documents the recommended guidelines and best practices developed during the project. The research team based the guidelines and best practices on the results of the literature review, surveys, analysis of freeway-related wrong-way crashes in Texas, and evaluation of available countermeasures. This report also provides a wrong-way entry checklist for engineers and field crews to use for reviewing wrong-way entry issues or suspected problem locations. This checklist was based on one currently used by the California Department of Transportation with some additions based on project findings.
Wrong-way driving (WWD) is defined as the act of driving in the opposite direction of traffic flow on physically divided highways. This type of crash is mainly known for its severity rather than its frequency. Previous literature has found a considerable fatality rate (per fatal crash) for WWD crashes compared to other crashes on highways. For instance, a study by Pour-Rouholamin et al. (2016) showed a rate of 1.34 fatality per fatal WWD crashes while this number is calculated as 1.10 fatality per fatal crash for other crash types on physically divided highways. Given these, a better understanding of WWD crashes to come up with sound, effective countermeasures is vital. In this short paper, a multinomial logistic model (MNL) approach is applied to identify those confounding factors that significantly affect the injury severity of drivers involved in WWD crashes.