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The Large-Truck Crash Causation Study (LTCCS) is a data collection project conducted by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) and the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA) of the United States Department of Transportation (USDOT). NHTSA's National Center for Statistics and Analysis (NCSA) worked together with FMCSA to develop the LTCCS, which was conducted within the National Automotive Sampling System (NASS) that NCSA operates. The tables in this report were created through the use of the data collected in the LTCCS. While the LTCCS collected data on approximately 1,000 variables, the tables presented in this report comprise only a sample of these variables. The complete LTCCS variable database can be used jointly to examine a large number of issues surrounding large-truck crashes. One section in the report focuses on “crash-level” variables, which provide counts of crashes that occurred under certain characteristics (i.e., crash counts stratified according to how many vehicles were in the crash). The next section includes tables that are presented at the “vehicle level.” These tables thus provide counts of the number of vehicles involved in certain types of crashes (i.e., vehicle counts that have been stratified by the injury severity of the person most severely injured in each vehicle). The tables in the following section are presented at the “driver level.” These tables display counts of drivers that were involved in certain crash scenarios (i.e., the number of drivers involved in the crashes, stratified by the age of the driver). The appendix includes tables and computer programs for calculating standard errors and confidence intervals using LTCCS data.
There are approximately 4,000 fatalities in crashes involving trucks and buses in the United States each year. Though estimates are wide-ranging, possibly 10 to 20 percent of these crashes might have involved fatigued drivers. The stresses associated with their particular jobs (irregular schedules, etc.) and the lifestyle that many truck and bus drivers lead, puts them at substantial risk for insufficient sleep and for developing short- and long-term health problems. Commercial Motor Vehicle Driver Fatigue, Long-Term Health and Highway Safety assesses the state of knowledge about the relationship of such factors as hours of driving, hours on duty, and periods of rest to the fatigue experienced by truck and bus drivers while driving and the implications for the safe operation of their vehicles. This report evaluates the relationship of these factors to drivers' health over the longer term, and identifies improvements in data and research methods that can lead to better understanding in both areas.
With contributions from an international group of authors with diverse backgrounds, this set comprises all fourteen volumes of the proceedings of the 4th AHFE Conference 21-25 July 2012. The set presents the latest research on current issues in Human Factors and Ergonomics. It draws from an international panel that examines cross-cultural differences, design issues, usability, road and rail transportation, aviation, modeling and simulation, and healthcare.
House Joint Resolution No. 23, 2002 Session of Virginia's General Assembly, requested that the Virginia Transportation Research Council and the Crash Investigation Team of Virginia Commonwealth University's Transportation Safety Training Center conduct a study of highway crashes involving trucks and other large vehicles stopped on the roadway or shoulder and struck in the rear. The purpose of the study was to determine the spatial and perceptual factors, physiological elements, and ingredients that combine to cause or materially contribute to these crashes; how and why these crashes occur; and practical countermeasures to reduce the number and severity of these crashes. To answer the question of how and why these crashes occur, Virginia crash data from 1997 through 2001 were analyzed. In only a few crashes was a large truck stopped on the roadway or shoulder struck in the rear by a passenger vehicle. Rear-end crashes in which the leading vehicle was stopped were more numerous, but single-vehicle roadway departure crashes into parked vehicles were more severe. Environmental, roadway, and surface conditions had little influence. The major contributing factor was driver inattention. With regard to the psychological and perceptual factors contributing to these crashes, it is likely that large trucks are more conspicuous than other stopped vehicles because of their size, unique profile, and requirements for reflectorized tape. However, large trucks stopped or parked continue to be struck in the rear by passenger vehicles. The cause here is also driver inattention in several forms, none of which can be directly attributed to any particular crash without a detailed crash investigation. As to possible countermeasures, two approaches stand out: increasing driver attention and removing large trucks from the shoulder. Existing methods for increasing driver attention include using infrastructure warning systems and continuous shoulder rumble strips. Future improvements to driver attention are linked to technically advanced collision warning systems that will enter the marketplace before 2012 and provide an automatic warning to drivers of possible collisions. Removing large trucks from the shoulder is more of a problem and is tied to the larger issue of the supply and demand for public and private commercial vehicle parking. Short-term improvements include amending and strictly enforcing existing parking regulations, developing a pilot program to alert truck drivers of available parking facilities, and investigating the use of Virginia's weigh stations for large truck parking. The long-term approach includes conducting studies designed to document the extent of large truck parking on the ramps and shoulders of Virginia's limited access highways, assessing the adequacy of large-truck parking statewide, and prioritizing locations with the greatest need for public and private development of large-truck parking facilities.
Human factors and ergonomics have made considerable contributions to the research, design, development, operation and analysis of transportation systems and their complementary infrastructure. This volume focuses on the causations of road accidents, the function and design of roads and signs, the design of automobiles, and the training of the driver. It covers accident analyses, air traffic control, control rooms, intelligent transportation systems, and new systems and technologies.