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Since its development by Leray and Schauder in the 1930's, degree theory in Banach spaces has proved to be an important tool in tackling many analytic problems, including boundary value problems in ordinary and partial differential equations, integral equations, and eigenvalue and bifurcation problems. With this volume E. H. Rothe provides a largely self-contained introduction to topological degree theory, with an emphasis on its function-analytical aspects. He develops the definition and properties of the degree as much as possible directly in Banach space, without recourse to finite-dimensional theory. A basic tool used is a homotopy theorem for certain linear maps in Banach spaces which allows one to generalize the distinction between maps with positive determinant and those with negative determinant in finite-dimensional spaces. Rothe's book is addressed to graduate students who may have only a rudimentary knowledge of Banach space theory. The first chapter on function-analytic preliminaries provides most of the necessary background. For the benefit of less experienced mathematicians, Rothe introduces the topological tools (subdivision and simplicial approximation, for example) only to the degree of abstraction necessary for the purpose at hand. Readers will gain insight into the various aspects of degree theory, experience in function-analytic thinking, and a theoretic base for applying degree theory to analysis. Rothe describes the various approaches that have historically been taken towards degree theory, making the relationships between these approaches clear. He treats the differential method, the simplicial approach introduced by Brouwer in 1911, the Leray-Schauder method (which assumes Brouwer's degree theory for the finite-dimensional space and then uses a limit process in the dimension), and attempts to establish degree theory in Banach spaces intrinsically, by an application of the differential method in the Banach space case.
This book is the first in the world literature presenting all new trends in topological fixed point theory. Until now all books connected to the topological fixed point theory were devoted only to some parts of this theory. This book will be especially useful for post-graduate students and researchers interested in the fixed point theory, particularly in topological methods in nonlinear analysis, differential equations and dynamical systems. The content is also likely to stimulate the interest of mathematical economists, population dynamics experts as well as theoretical physicists exploring the topological dynamics.
Group-theoretic methods have taken an increasingly prominent role in analysis. Some of this change has been due to the writings of Sigurdur Helgason. This book is an introduction to such methods on spaces with symmetry given by the action of a Lie group. The introductory chapter is a self-contained account of the analysis on surfaces of constant curvature. Later chapters cover general cases of the Radon transform, spherical functions, invariant operators, compact symmetric spaces and other topics. This book, together with its companion volume, Geometric Analysis on Symmetric Spaces (AMS Mathematical Surveys and Monographs series, vol. 39, 1994), has become the standard text for this approach to geometric analysis. Sigurdur Helgason was awarded the Steele Prize for outstanding mathematical exposition for Groups and Geometric Analysis and Differential Geometry, Lie Groups and Symmetric Spaces.
This work features the interplay of two main branches of mathematics: topology and real analysis. The material of the book is largely contained in the research publications of the authors and their students from the past 50 years. Parts of analysis are touched upon in a unique way, for example, Lebesgue measurability, Baire classes of functions, differentiability, C ]n and C ]*w functions, the Blumberg theorem, bounded variation in the sense of Cesari, and various theorems on Fourier series and generalized bounded variation of a function.
Examines the internal structure of the finite simple groups of Lie type, the finite alternating groups, and 26 sporadic finite simple groups, as well as their analogues. Emphasis is on the structure of local subgroups and their relationships with one another, rather than development of an abstract theory of simple groups. A foundation is laid for the development of specific properties of K-groups to be used in the inductive proof of the classification theorem. Highlights include statements and proofs of the Breol-Tits and Curtis-Tits theorems, and material on centralizers of semisimple involutions in groups of Lie type. For graduate students and research mathematicians. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR
In this book the authors develop the theory of knotted surfaces in analogy with the classical case of knotted curves in 3-dimensional space. In the first chapter knotted surface diagrams are defined and exemplified; these are generic surfaces in 3-space with crossing information given. The diagrams are further enhanced to give alternative descriptions. A knotted surface can be described as a movie, as a kind of labeled planar graph, or as a sequence of words in which successive words are related by grammatical changes. In the second chapter, the theory of Reidemeister moves is developed in the various contexts. The authors show how to unknot intricate examples using these moves. The third chapter reviews the braid theory of knotted surfaces. Examples of the Alexander isotopy are given, and the braid movie moves are presented. In the fourth chapter, properties of the projections of knotted surfaces are studied. Oriented surfaces in 4-space are shown to have planar projections without cusps and without branch points. Signs of triple points are studied. Applications of triple-point smoothing that include proofs of triple-point formulas and a proof of Whitney's congruence on normal Euler classes are presented. The fifth chapter indicates how to obtain presentations for the fundamental group and the Alexander modules. Key examples are worked in detail. The Seifert algorithm for knotted surfaces is presented and exemplified. The sixth chapter relates knotted surfaces and diagrammatic techniques to 2-categories. Solutions to the Zamolodchikov equations that are diagrammatically obtained are presented. The book contains over 200 illustrations that illuminate the text. Examples are worked out in detail, and readers have the opportunity to learn first-hand a series of remarkable geometric techniques.
This book develops methods which explore some new interconnections and interrelations between Analysis and Topology and their applications. Emphasis is given to several recent results which have been obtained mainly during the last years and which cannot be found in other books in Nonlinear Analysis. Interest in this subject area has rapidly increased over the last decade, yet the presentation of research has been confined mainly to journal articles.
The classification of the finite simple groups is one of the major feats of contemporary mathematical research, but its proof has never been completely extricated from the journal literature in which it first appeared. This book serves as an introduction to a series devoted to organizing and simplifying the proof. The purpose of the series is to present as direct and coherent a proof as is possible with existing techniques. This first volume, which sets up the structure for the entire series, begins with largely informal discussions of the relationship between the Classification Theorem and the general structure of finite groups, as well as the general strategy to be followed in the series and a comparison with the original proof. Also listed are background results from the literature that will be used in subsequent volumes. Next, the authors formally present the structure of the proof and the plan for the series of volumes in the form of two grids, giving the main case division of the proof as well as the principal milestones in the analysis of each case. Thumbnail sketches are given of the ten or so principal methods underlying the proof. Much of the book is written in an expository style accessible to nonspecialists.
The subject of amenability has its roots in the work of Lebesgue at the turn of the century. In the 1940s, the subject began to shift from finitely additive measures to means. This shift is of fundamental importance, for it makes the substantial resources of functional analysis and abstract harmonic analysis available to the study of amenability. The ubiquity of amenability ideas and the depth of the mathematics involved points to the fundamental importance of the subject. This book presents a comprehensive and coherent account of amenability as it has been developed in the large and varied literature during this century. The book has a broad appeal, for it presents an account of the subject based on harmonic and functional analysis. In addition, the analytic techniques should be of considerable interest to analysts in all areas. In addition, the book contains applications of amenability to a number of areas: combinatorial group theory, semigroup theory, statistics, differential geometry, Lie groups, ergodic theory, cohomology, and operator algebras. The main objectives of the book are to provide an introduction to the subject as a whole and to go into many of its topics in some depth. The book begins with an informal, nontechnical account of amenability from its origins in the work of Lebesgue. The initial chapters establish the basic theory of amenability and provide a detailed treatment of invariant, finitely additive measures (i.e., invariant means) on locally compact groups. The author then discusses amenability for Lie groups, "almost invariant" properties of certain subsets of an amenable group, amenability and ergodic theorems, polynomial growth, and invariant mean cardinalities. Also included are detailed discussions of the two most important achievements in amenability in the 1980s: the solutions to von Neumann's conjecture and the Banach-Ruziewicz Problem. The main prerequisites for this book are a sound understanding of undergraduate-level mathematics and a knowledge of abstract harmonic analysis and functional analysis. The book is suitable for use in graduate courses, and the lists of problems in each chapter may be useful as student exercises.
"In a certain sense, subnormal operators were introduced too soon because the theory of function algebras and rational approximation was also in its infancy and could not be properly used to examine the class of operators. The progress in the last several years grew out of applying the results of rational approximation." from the Preface. This book is the successor to the author's 1981 book on the same subject. In addition to reflecting the great strides in the development of subnormal operator theory since the first book, the present work is oriented towards rational functions rather than polynomials. Although the book is a research monograph, it has many of the traits of a textbook including exercises. The book requires background in function theory and functional analysis, but is otherwise fairly self-contained. The first few chapters cover the basics about subnormal operator theory and present a study of analytic functions on the unit disk. Other topics included are: some results on hypernormal operators, an exposition of rational approximation interspersed with applications to operator theory, a study of weak-star rational approximation, a set of results that can be termed structure theorems for subnormal operators, and a proof that analytic bounded point evaluations exist.