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Investigation of the structure and function of biological molecules through spectroscopic methods is a field rich in revealing, clever techniques and demanding experiments. It is most gratifying to see that the basic concepts are applied to more and more complex systems, making feasible the study of the behaviour of whole systems in relation to molecular disturbances. The analytical potential of spectroscopy and spectroscopic imaging enables species identification of bacteria and tissue recognition. Clear opportunities for in vivo applications become apparent in the medical field. The methods developed in biophysics start to generate spin-off in the direction of biotechnology, where in previous years we have seen this happen for biochemical techniques. New directions are manifest. Tools are being developed to investigate the behaviour of single molecules in interaction with their environment. Individual interactions can now be investigated and individual molecules in complexes can be visualized. Processes that were previously unobservable as a result of ensemble averaging can now be investigated on a single molecule level. Completely new information with regard to molecular behaviour is obtained in this way. The insights amaze us and the prospect that this development will continue is exciting. The 8th European Conference on the Spectroscopy of Biological Molecules is proud to have contributed to the dissemination of these new directions. This proceedings book is an appropriate reflection of the progress obtained so far in the spectroscopy of biological molecules.
This book has grown out of several courses oflectures held at the University of Mainz in the years 1978 to 1981, at the Ecole Poly technique Federal, Lausanne, and at the University of Fribourg, Switzerland. The last two courses were held in the framework of the "3e Cycle" lectures in June 1981. According to this genesis, the emphasis of the book lies on a unified and concise approach to introducing polymer spectroscopy rather than on completeness which, by the way, could hardly be achieved in a single volume. In contrast to other books on this subject, equal weight is given to electronic spectroscopy, vibrational spectroscopy and spin resonance techniques. The electronic properties of polymers have been increasingly investigated in the last ten years; until recently, however, these studies and the spectroscopic methods applied have not generally been considered as part of polymer spectroscopy. The increasing use of electronic spectroscopy by polymer researchers, on the other hand, shows that this type of spectroscopy provides efficient tools for gaining insight into the properties of polymers which cannot be obtained by any other means.
This revised and updated Second Edition of the best-selling reference/text is essential reading for students and scientists who seek a thorough and practical introduction to the field of polymer spectroscopy. Eleven chapters cover the fundamental aspects and experimental applications of the primary spectroscopic methods. The advantages and disadvantages of the various techniques for particular polymer systems are also discussed. The goal of the author is not to make the reader an expert in the field, but rather to provide enough information about the different spectroscopic methods that the reader can determine how the available techniques can be used to solve a particular polymer problem. This Second Edition contains new and updated information on techniques in IR and NMR, as well as an all-new chapter on Mass Spectrometry.
Examining the chemical modification of biological polymers and the emerging applications of this technology, Chemical Modification of Biological Polymers reflects the change in emphasis in this subsection of biotechnology from the study of protein structure and function toward applications in therapeutics and diagnostics. HighlightsThe basic organi
Spectroscopy in Biology and Chemistry discusses the use of thermal neutron diffraction and inelastic scattering, and the related techniques of x-ray diffraction, Raman and Rayleigh scattering, in investigating biological macromolecules and chemical systems. The book describes neutron, x-ray and laser spectroscopy; quasielastic scattering in neutron and laser spectroscopy; and interatomic forces, molecular structure and molecular vibrations. The text also discusses the x-ray crystallography of biological molecules; neutron diffraction studies of hydrogen bonding in organic and biochemical syste ...
This book covers recent developments and applications of advanced spectroscopic techniques to polymer chemistry and biochemistry. The first half describes how to apply static/dynamic FT-IR spectroscopies to liquid crystalline polyurethanes, measure stress and strain in single and multi-fiber components, and prepare high-quality ultrathin materials
‘‘Biopolymers’’ are polymeric materials of biological origin, including globular, membrane, and fibrous proteins, polypeptides, nucleic acids, po- saccharides, lipids, etc. and their assembly, although preference to respe- ive subjects may be different among readers who are more interested in their biological significance or industrial and/or medical applications. Nevert- less, characterizing or revealing their secondary structure and dynamics may be an equally very important and useful issue for both kinds of readers. Special interest in revealing the 3D structure of globular proteins, nucleic acids, and peptides was aroused in relation to the currently active Structural Biology. X-ray crystallography and multidimensional solution NMR sp- troscopy have proved to be the standard and indispensable means for this purpose. There remain, however, several limitations to this end, if one intends to expand its scope further. This is because these approaches are not always straightforward to characterize fibrous or membrane proteins owing to extreme difficulty in crystallization in the former, and insufficient spectral resolution due to sparing solubility or increased effective molecular mass in the presence of surrounding lipid bilayers in the latter.
Vibrational spectroscopy is advantageous as an analytical tool for polymers and comprises two complementary techniques: infrared (IR) and Raman spectroscopy. This report is an absorbing overview of how these methods can be employed to provide information about complex polymeric macromolecules with respect to composition, structure, conformation and intermolecular interactions. The review is supported by several hundred abstracts selected from the Polymer Library giving useful references for further reading.