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This book presents the fundamentals of concurrency theory with clarity and rigor. The authors start with the semantic structure, namely labelled transition systems, which provides us with the means and the tools to express processes, to compose them, and to prove properties they enjoy. The rest of the book relies on Milner's Calculus of Communicating Systems, tailored versions of which are used to study various notions of equality between systems, and to investigate in detail the expressive power of the models considered. The authors proceed from very basic results to increasingly complex issues, with many examples and exercises that help to reveal the many subtleties of the topic. The book is suitable for advanced undergraduate and graduate students in computer science and engineering, and scientists engaged with theories of concurrency.
Illustrating the effect of concurrency on programs written in familiar languages, this text focuses on novel language abstractions that truly bring concurrency into the language and aid analysis and compilation tools in generating efficient, correct programs. It also explains the complexity involved in taking advantage of concurrency with regard to program correctness and performance. The book describes the historical development of current programming languages and the common threads that exist among them. It also contains several chapters on design patterns for parallel programming and includes quick reference guides to OpenMP, Erlang, and Cilk. Ancillary materials are available on the book's website.
CSP notation has been used extensively for teaching and applying concurrency theory, ever since the publication of the text Communicating Sequential Processes by C.A.R. Hoare in 1985. Both a programming language and a specification language, the theory of CSP helps users to understand concurrent systems, and to decide whether a program meets its specification. As a member of the family of process algebras, the concepts of communication and interaction are presented in an algebraic style. An invaluable reference on the state of the art in CSP, Understanding Concurrent Systems also serves as a comprehensive introduction to the field, in addition to providing material for a number of more advanced courses. A first point of reference for anyone wanting to use CSP or learn about its theory, the book also introduces other views of concurrency, using CSP to model and explain these. The text is fully integrated with CSP-based tools such as FDR, and describes how to create new tools based on FDR. Most of the book relies on no theoretical background other than a basic knowledge of sets and sequences. Sophisticated mathematical arguments are avoided whenever possible. Topics and features: presents a comprehensive introduction to CSP; discusses the latest advances in CSP, covering topics of operational semantics, denotational models, finite observation models and infinite-behaviour models, and algebraic semantics; explores the practical application of CSP, including timed modelling, discrete modelling, parameterised verifications and the state explosion problem, and advanced topics in the use of FDR; examines the ability of CSP to describe and enable reasoning about parallel systems modelled in other paradigms; covers a broad variety of concurrent systems, including combinatorial, timed, priority-based, mobile, shared variable, statecharts, buffered and asynchronous systems; contains exercises and case studies to support the text; supplies further tools and information at the associated website: http://www.comlab.ox.ac.uk/ucs/. From undergraduate students of computer science in need of an introduction to the area, to researchers and practitioners desiring a more in-depth understanding of theory and practice of concurrent systems, this broad-ranging text/reference is essential reading for anyone interested in Hoare’s CSP.
Intheworldweliveinconcurrencyisthenorm.Forexample,thehumanbody isamassivelyconcurrentsystem,comprisingahugenumberofcells,allsim- taneously evolving and independently engaging in their individual biological processing.Inaddition,inthebiologicalworld,trulysequentialsystemsrarely arise. However, they are more common when manmade artefacts are cons- ered. In particular, computer systems are often developed from a sequential perspective. Why is this? The simple reason is that it is easier for us to think about sequential, rather than concurrent, systems. Thus, we use sequentiality as a device to simplify the design process. However, the need for increasingly powerful, ?exible and usable computer systems mitigates against simplifying sequentiality assumptions. A good - ample of this is the all-powerful position held by the Internet, which is highly concurrent at many di?erent levels of decomposition. Thus, the modern c- puter scientist (and indeed the modern scientist in general) is forced to think aboutconcurrentsystemsandthesubtleandintricatebehaviourthatemerges from the interaction of simultaneously evolving components. Over a period of 25 years, or so, the ?eld of concurrency theory has been involved in the development of a set of mathematical techniques that can help system developers to think about and build concurrent systems. These theories are the subject matter of this book.
Since Professor Hoare's book Communicating Sequential Processes was first published, his notation has been extensively used for teaching and applying concurrency theory. The most significant development since then has been the emergence of tools to support the teaching and industrial application of CSP. This has turned CSP from a notation used mainly for toy examples into one which can and does support the description of industrial-sized problems. In order to understand the tools you need a good grasp of the fundamental concepts of CSP, therefore the book is, in the first instance, a text on the principles of the language rather than being a manual on how to apply its tools. The Theory and Practice of Concurrency is divided into 3 sections. Part I is a foundation course on CSP, covering essentially the same material as the Hoare book, except that most of the mathematical theory has been omitted. It introduces the ideas behind the operational, denotational and algebraic models of CSP. Parts II and III go into more detail about the theory and practice of CSP. Either of them would make a one semester course or though they are independent of each other. This book assumes no mathematical knowledge except for a basic understanding of sets, sequences and functions. Part I and III use no sophisticated mathematics, and the extra amount needed for Part II is contained within Appendix A (which introduces the theory of partial order and metric/restriction spaces). The book brings substantial new insights into the important subjects of computer security, fault tolerance, real-time modelling, communications protocols and distributed databases. Each of these is supported by a case study and guidance on how to apply automated analysis to verify systems.
Concurrency can be notoriously difficult to get right, but fortunately, the Go open source programming language makes working with concurrency tractable and even easy. If you’re a developer familiar with Go, this practical book demonstrates best practices and patterns to help you incorporate concurrency into your systems. Author Katherine Cox-Buday takes you step-by-step through the process. You’ll understand how Go chooses to model concurrency, what issues arise from this model, and how you can compose primitives within this model to solve problems. Learn the skills and tooling you need to confidently write and implement concurrent systems of any size. Understand how Go addresses fundamental problems that make concurrency difficult to do correctly Learn the key differences between concurrency and parallelism Dig into the syntax of Go’s memory synchronization primitives Form patterns with these primitives to write maintainable concurrent code Compose patterns into a series of practices that enable you to write large, distributed systems that scale Learn the sophistication behind goroutines and how Go’s runtime stitches everything together
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This volume contains the proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Concurrency Theory (CONCUR 2000) held in State College, Pennsylvania, USA, during 22-25 August 2000. The purpose of the CONCUR conferences is to bring together researchers, developers, and students in order to advance the theory of concurrency and promote its applications. Interest in this topic is continuously growing, as a consequence of the importance and ubiquity of concurrent systems and their - plications, and of the scienti?c relevance of their foundations. The scope covers all areas of semantics, logics, and veri?cation techniques for concurrent systems. Topics include concurrency related aspects of: models of computation, semantic domains, process algebras, Petri nets, event structures, real-time systems, hybrid systems, decidability, model-checking, veri?cation techniques, re?nement te- niques, term and graph rewriting, distributed programming, logic constraint p- gramming, object-oriented programming, typing systems and algorithms, case studies, tools, and environments for programming and veri?cation. The ?rst two CONCUR conferences were held in Amsterdam (NL) in 1990 and 1991. The following ones in Stony Brook (USA), Hildesheim (D), Uppsala (S), Philadelphia (USA), Pisa (I), Warsaw (PL), Nice (F), and Eindhoven (NL). The proceedings have appeared in Springer LNCS, as Volumes 458, 527, 630, 715, 836, 962, 1119, 1243, 1466, and 1664.
This volume is a collection of papers on topics focused around concurrency, based on research work presented at the UK/Japan Workshop held at Wadham College, Oxford, September 25-27, 1989. The volume is organized into four parts: - Papers on theoretical aspects of concurrency which reflect strong research activities in the UK, including theories on CCS and temporal logic RDL. - Papers on object orientation and concurrent languages which reflect major research activities on concurrency in Japan. The languages presented include extensions of C, Prolog and Lisp as well as object-based concurrent languages. - Papers on parallel architectures and VLSI logic, including a rewrite rule machine, a graph rewriting machine, and a dataflow architecture. - An overview of the workshop including the abstracts of the talks and the list of participants. The appendix gives a brief report of the first UK/Japan Workshop in Computer Science, held at Sendai, Japan, July 6-9, 1987.
This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Concurrency Theory, CONCUR 2008, held in Toronto, Canada, August 19-22, 2008. The 33 revised full papers presented together with 2 tool papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 120 submissions. The topics include model checking, process calculi, minimization and equivalence checking, types, semantics, probability, bisimulation and simulation, real time, and formal languages.