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Combinatory logic and lambda-calculus, originally devised in the 1920's, have since developed into linguistic tools, especially useful in programming languages. The authors' previous book served as the main reference for introductory courses on lambda-calculus for over 20 years: this long-awaited new version is thoroughly revised and offers a fully up-to-date account of the subject, with the same authoritative exposition. The grammar and basic properties of both combinatory logic and lambda-calculus are discussed, followed by an introduction to type-theory. Typed and untyped versions of the systems, and their differences, are covered. Lambda-calculus models, which lie behind much of the semantics of programming languages, are also explained in depth. The treatment is as non-technical as possible, with the main ideas emphasized and illustrated by examples. Many exercises are included, from routine to advanced, with solutions to most at the end of the book.
Combinatory logic is one of the most versatile areas within logic that is tied to parts of philosophical, mathematical, and computational logic. Functioning as a comprehensive source for current developments of combinatory logic, this book is the only one of its kind to cover results of the last four decades. Using a reader-friendly style, the auth
These notes present some of the basic techniques and results in the subject of combinatory logic. This subject will first be treated with an introduction via lambda-conversion. Chapter two is an introduction to combinators. Chapters three and four will deal with recursive functions. Chapters five, six, and seven deal with extensional theory of combinators. Chapters nine and ten deal with combinator-based systems of logic . Chapters eight and eleven deal with proof-theoretic application.
Combinatory logic and lambda-conversion were originally devised in the 1920s for investigating the foundations of mathematics using the basic concept of 'operation' instead of 'set'. They have now developed into linguistic tools, useful in several branches of logic and computer science, especially in the study of programming languages. These notes form a simple introduction to the two topics, suitable for a reader who has no previous knowledge of combinatory logic, but has taken an undergraduate course in predicate calculus and recursive functions. The key ideas and basic results are presented, as well as a number of more specialised topics, and man), exercises are included to provide manipulative practice.
Written by a pioneer of mathematical logic, this comprehensive graduate-level text explores the constructive theory of first-order predicate calculus. It covers formal methods — including algorithms and epitheory — and offers a brief treatment of Markov's approach to algorithms. It also explains elementary facts about lattices and similar algebraic systems. 1963 edition.
The author of Forever Undecided, Raymond Smullyan continues to delight and astonish us with his gift for making available, in the thoroughly pleasurable form of puzzles, some of the most important mathematical thinking of our time.
The book examines to what extent the mediating relation between constituents and their semantics can arise from combinatory knowledge of words. It traces the roots of Combinatory Categorial Grammar, and uses the theory to promote a Humean question in linguistics and cognitive science: Why do we see limited constituency and dependency in natural languages, despite their diversity and potential infinity? A potential answer is that constituents and dependencies might have arisen from a single resource: adjacency. The combinatory formulation of adjacency constrains possible grammars.
Introductory, Combinatorics, Third Edition is designed for introductory courses in combinatorics, or more generally, discrete mathematics. The author, Kenneth Bogart, has chosen core material of value to students in a wide variety of disciplines: mathematics, computer science, statistics, operations research, physical sciences, and behavioral sciences. The rapid growth in the breadth and depth of the field of combinatorics in the last several decades, first in graph theory and designs and more recently in enumeration and ordered sets, has led to a recognition of combinatorics as a field with which the aspiring mathematician should become familiar. This long-overdue new edition of a popular set presents a broad comprehensive survey of modern combinatorics which is important to the various scientific fields of study.