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The ultimate purpose of this book on economic evaluation is to be a text for consultation and inspiration to anyone who wishes to design, carry out and analyse an economic evaluation of a drug or health technology, in order to obtain valid and quality results and thus serve to make better health-related decisions in our country. Unfortunately, the resources available in our National Health System to cover all the healthcare needs of our society are ever more limited; therefore, it is absolutely necessary to prioritise the allocation of resources and to use these resources to finance the therapeutic options that are most efficacious, safe and cost-effective (that will achieve the best health results in patients with the monetary investment carried out). Economic evaluations will be instruments of invaluable help for healthcare professionals and other decision-making agents of the system when it comes to making a more efficient use of existing resources, maximising the therapeutic benefit.
Los cambios fundamentales que afectan hoy en día a la atención sanitaria, papel de los profesionales de salud, complejidad de los tratamientos, aumento de la esperanza de vida, aumento del gasto sanitario, etc., hacen que sea esencial la comprensión de las bases farmacoeconómicas de las distintas opciones sanitarias. De manera especial, el rápido incremento del gasto sanitario, junto con la creciente presión para contenerlo, colocan a la farmacología en la vanguardia del estudio del uso óptimo de los medicamentos. La farmacoeconomía es la disciplina que da respuesta a todas las cuestiones de coste-efectividad, cada vez más relacionadas con las de eficacia clínica para determinar la conveniencia de introducir medicamentos nuevos en el arsenal terapéutico del clínico. Esta obra ofrece una útil introducción, en un lenguaje sencillo y directo, a la farmacoeconomía: explica las bases de la farmacoeconomía, el funcionamiento y las complejidades de los distintos servicios de salud en los que se desenvuelve la economía de la salud y el ámbito del uso de medicamentos y ayuda al lector a comprender y evaluar los estudios de farmacoeconomía cada vez más frecuentes y su incorporación a los ensayos clínicos. En definitiva, un gran recurso para una toma de decisión eficaz relacionada con el uso óptimo y coste-eficaz del medicamento y el desarrollo del pensamiento crítico en la asistencia sanitaria. Esta obra ofrece una útil introducción, en un lenguaje sencillo y directo, a la farmacoeconomía: explica las bases de la farmacoeconomía, el funcionamiento y las complejidades de los distintos servicios de salud en los que se desenvuelve la economía de la salud y el ámbito del uso de medicamentos y ayuda al lector a comprender y evaluar los estudios de farmacoeconomía cada vez más frecuentes y su incorporación a los ensayos clínicos.
There are not enough resources in health care systems around the world to fund all technically feasible and potentially beneficial health care interventions. Difficult choices have to be made, and economic evaluation offers a systematic and transparent process for informing such choices. A key component of economic evaluation is how to value the benefits of health care in a way that permits comparison between health care interventions, such as through costs per quality-adjusted life years (QALY). Measuring and Valuing Health Benefits for Economic Evaluation examines the measurement and valuation of health benefits, reviews the explosion of theoretical and empirical work in the field, and explores an area of research that continues to be a major source of debate. It addresses the key questions in the field including: the definition of health, the techniques of valuation, who should provide the values, techniques for modelling health state values, the appropriateness of tools in children and vulnerable groups, cross cultural issues, and the problem of choosing the right instrument. This new edition contains updated empirical examples and practical applications, which help to clarify the readers understanding of real world contexts. It features a glossary containing the common terms used by practitioners, and has been updated to cover new measures of health and wellbeing, such as ICECAP, ASCOT and AQOL. It takes into account new research into the social weighting of a QALY, the rising use of ordinal valuation techniques, use of the internet to collect data, and the use of health state utility values in cost effectiveness models. This is an ideal resource for anyone wishing to gain a specialised understanding of health benefit measurement in economic evaluation, especially those working in the fields of health economics, public sector economics, pharmacoeconomics, health services research, public health, and quality of life research.
This review assesses the performance of Colombian agriculture over the last two decades, evaluates Colombian agricultural policy reforms and provides recommendations to address key challenges in the future.
Abortion and Democracy offers critical analyses of abortion politics in Latin America’s Southern Cone, with lessons and insights of wider significance. Drawing on the region’s recent history of military dictatorship and democratic transition, this edited volume explores how abortion rights demands fit with current democratic agendas. With a focus on Argentina, Chile, and Uruguay, the book’s contributors delve into the complex reality of abortion through the examination of the discourses, strategies, successes, and challenges of abortion rights movements. Assembling a multiplicity of voices and experiences, the contributions illuminate key dimensions of abortion rights struggles: health aspects, litigation efforts, legislative debates, party politics, digital strategies, grassroots mobilization, coalition-building, affective and artistic components, and movement-countermovement dynamics. The book takes an approach that is sensitive to social inequalities and to the transnational aspects of abortion rights struggles in each country. It bridges different scales of analysis, from abortion experiences at the micro level of the clinic or the home to the macro sociopolitical and cultural forces that shape individual lives. This is an important intervention suitable for students and scholars of abortion politics, democracy in Latin America, gender and sexuality, and women’s rights.
The contributors to this study present a balanced view of the strengths and weaknesses of randomised controlled trials in the medical setting. They cover all the essential issues without using statistics.