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Federal laws and policy have assigned important roles and responsibilities to the Dept. of Homeland Security (DHS) and the Nat. Inst. of Standards and Tech. (NIST) for securing computer networks and systems. DHS is charged with coordinating the protection of computer-reliant critical infrastructure -- much of which is owned by the private sector -- and securing its own computer systems, while NIST is responsible for developing standards and guidelines for implementing security controls over information and information systems. This report describes cybersecurity efforts at DHS and NIST -- including partnership activities with the private sector -- and the use of cybersecurity performance metrics in the fed. gov¿t. Table and graphs.
Pervasive and sustained computer-based (cyber) attacks against federal and private-sector infrastructures pose a potentially devastating impact to systems and operations and the critical infrastructures that they support. Congress and the Executive Branch, including the new administration, have taken actions to examine the adequacy of Pres. Bush¿s strategy and identify areas for improvement. This report summarizes: (1) key reports and recommendations on the national cyber-security strategy; and (2) the views of experts on how to strengthen the strategy. The auditor conducted panel discussions with key cyber-security experts to solicit their views on areas for improvement. Illustrations.
Since the early 1990s, growth in the use of the Internet has revolutionized the way that our nation communicates and conducts business. While the Internet originated as a U.S. governmentsponsored research project, the vast majority of its infrastructure is currently owned and operated by the private sector. Federal policy recognizes the need to prepare for debilitating Internet disruptions and tasks the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) with developing an integrated public/private plan for Internet recovery. GAO was asked to summarize its report-Internet Infrastructure: DHS Faces Challenges in Developing a Joint Public/Private Recovery Plan, GAO-06-672 (Washington, D.C.: June 16, 2006). This report (1) identifies examples of major disruptions to the Internet, (2) identifies the primary laws and regulations governing recovery of the Internet in the event of a major disruption, (3) evaluates DHS plans for facilitating recovery from Internet disruptions, and (4) assesses challenges to such efforts.
Investment in infrastructure can be a driving force of the economic recovery in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic in the context of shrinking fiscal space. Public-private partnerships (PPP) bring a promise of efficiency when carefully designed and managed, to avoid creating unnecessary fiscal risks. But fiscal illusions prevent an understanding the sources of fiscal risks, which arise in all infrastructure projects, and that in PPPs present specific characteristics that need to be addressed. PPP contracts are also affected by implicit fiscal risks when they are poorly designed, particularly when a government signs a PPP contract for a project with no financial sustainability. This paper reviews the advantages and inconveniences of PPPs, discusses the fiscal illusions affecting them, identifies a diversity of fiscal risks, and presents the essentials of PPP fiscal risk management.