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European private international law, as it stands in the Rome I, II, and III Regulations and the recent Succession Regulation, presents manifold risks of diverging judgments despite seemingly harmonised conflict of law rules. There is now a real danger, in light of the rapid increase in the number of legal instruments of the European Union on conflict of laws, that European private international law will become incoherent. This collection of essays by twenty noted scholars in the field sheds clear light on the pivotal issues of whether a set of overarching rules (a 'general part') is required, whether an EU regulation is the adequate legal instrument for such a purpose, which general questions such an instrument should address, and what solutions such an instrument should provide. In analysing the possible emergence of general principles in European private international law over the past years, the contributors discuss such issues and factors as the following: – the relationship between conflict of laws and recognition; - the room for party autonomy; - the concept of habitual residence; - adaptation when interplay between different laws leads to deadlock; - public policy exceptions; - the desirability of a general escape clause; - the classic topics of characterisation, incidental question, and renvoi; and - right to appeal in case of errors in the application of foreign law. Practitioners dealing with these notoriously difficult cases will welcome this in-depth treatment of the issues, as will interested policymakers throughout the EU Member States and at the EU level itself. Scholars will discover an incomparable comparative analysis leading to expert recommendations in European private international law, opening the way to an effective European framework in this area.
Sovereign Equality of States in International Law, R.P. Anand R.P. Anand, Professor at the Jawaharlal University of New Delhi, points out in the introduction of his course that the principle of sovereign equality of States refers to two twin principles which are accepted as unimpeachable norms of modern international law which cannot be questioned: the principles of equality and of sovereignty of States. Taking this as his starting point, the author first discusses the sovereignty of States in an interdependent world. He then examines the principle of equality of States in an unequal world from a historical perspective. Finally, Professor Anand tackles the questions of equality of States in a hierarchical world order, and mini-States and equality of rights. La Méthode de la Référence à l'Ordre juridique compétent en Droit international privé, Paolo Picone Paolo Picone, Professor at the University of Naples, notes in the introduction to his course that contemporary international law, such as it evolved during the 19th century, developed different methods of coordination. One method has nevertheless been neglected, which consist in choosing not the applicable law, but the competent legal system. After discussing the crisis in private international law, the author examines the method of coordination of legal systems based on the applicable law, followed by one that is based on reference to the @@@competent legal system. @@@He describes the functioning of the latter method in the case of the creation of legal situations in the @@@for, and in the case of recognition of foreign legal situations in the for. Professor Picone finishes his course by investigating the use of this method in solving the problem of preliminary matters in private international law, the method's area of application and its future prospects.
Normally, forced heirship is primarily associated with a restraint of the decedent's testamentary freedom of disposition. Nevertheless, to effectively protect the forced heirs, forced heirship systems usually also contain various mechanisms to restrain the decedent's lifetime freedom of disposition. Scholars and courts have been debating the proper characterization of these mechanisms in conflicts of laws for decades. Raphael de Barros Fritz addresses the many open questions surrounding this issue by analysing the characterization of forced heirship mechanisms in the laws of Louisiana and Germany.
Codifying Choice of Law Around the World chronicles, documents, and celebrates the extraordinary, massive codification of Private International Law (PrIL), or Conflict of Laws that has taken place in the last 50 years, from 1962-2012. During this period, the world has witnessed the adoption of nearly 200 PrIL codifications, EU Regulations, and international conventions---more than in all preceding years since the inception of PrIL. This book provides a horizontal comparison and discussion of these codifications and conventions, first by comparing the way they resolve tort and contract conflicts, and then by comparing the answers of these codifications to the fundamental philosophical and methodological dilemmas of PrIL. In the process, this book re-examines and dispels certain widely held assumptions about choice of law, and the art and science of codification in general. Written by Symeon C. Symeonides, a renowned PrIL and comparative law expert with extensive first-hand experience in drafting codifications and advising other drafters, Codifying Choice of Law Around the World will serve as an indispensable point of reference for any serious study or discussion of PrIL, and comparative law.