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This Recommendation | International Standard specifies the system layer of the coding. It was developed principally to support the combination of the video and audio coding methods defined in Parts 2 and 3 of ISO/IEC 13818. The system layer supports six basic functions: 1) the synchronisation of multiple compressed streams on decoding; 2) the interleaving of multiple compressed streams into a single stream; 3) the initialisation of buffering for decoding start up; 4) continuous buffer management; 5) time identification; 6) multiplexing and signalling of various components in a system stream. A Rec. ITU-T H.222.0 | ISO/IEC 13818-1 multiplexed bit stream is either a transport stream or a program stream. Both streams are constructed from PES packets and packets containing other necessary information. Both stream types support multiplexing of video and audio compressed streams from one program with a common time base. The transport stream additionally supports the multiplexing of video and audio compressed streams from multiple programs with independent time bases. For almost error-free environments the program stream is generally more appropriate, supporting software processing of program information. The transport stream is more suitable for use in environments where errors are likely.A Rec. ITU-T H.222.0 | ISO/IEC 13818-1 multiplexed bit stream, whether a transport stream or a program stream, is constructed in two layers: the outermost layer is the system layer, and the innermost is the compression layer. The system layer provides the functions necessary for using one or more compressed data streams in a system. The video and audio parts of this Specification define the compression coding layer for audio and video data. Coding of other types of data is not defined by this Specification, but is supported by the system layer provided that the other types of data adhere to the constraints defined in 2.7.
This part of ISO/IEC 14496 (MPEG-4 Audio) is a new kind of audio standard that integrates many different types of audio coding: natural sound with synthetic sound, low bitrate delivery with high-quality delivery, speech with music,complex soundtracks with simple ones, and traditional content with interactive and virtual-reality content. By standardising individually sophisticated coding tools as well as a novel, flexible framework for audio synchronisation, mixing, and downloaded post-production, the developers of the MPEG-4 Audio standard have created new technology for a new, interactive world of digital audio.MPEG-4, unlike previous audio standards created by ISO/IEC and other groups, does not target a single application such as real-time telephony or high-quality audio compression. Rather, MPEG-4 Audio is a standard that applies to every application requiring the use of advanced sound compression, synthesis, manipulation, or playback. The subparts that follow specify the state-of-the-art coding tools in several domains; however, MPEG-4 Audio is more than just the sum of its parts. As the tools described here are integrated with the rest of the MPEG-4 standard, exciting new possibilities for object-based audio coding, interactive presentation, dynamic soundtracks,and other sorts of new media, are enabled.Since a single set of tools is used to cover the needs of a broad range of applications, interoperability is a natural feature of systems that depend on the MPEG-4 Audio standard. A system that uses a particular coder -- for example a real-time voice communication system making use of the MPEG-4 speech coding tool set -- can easily share data and development tools with other systems, even in different domains, that use the same tool -- for example a voicemail indexing and retrieval system making use of MPEG-4 speech coding.The remainder of this clause gives a more detailed overview of the capabilities and functioning of MPEG-4 Audio.First a discussion of concepts, that have changed since the MPEG-2 Audio standards, is presented. Then the MPEG-4 Audio toolset is outlined.
Describes ITU H H.323 and H.324, H.263, ITU-T video, and MPEG-4 standards, systems, and coding; IP and ATM networks; multimedia search and retrieval; image retrieval in digital laboratories; and the status and direction of MPEG-7.