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China has forty major transboundary watercourses with neighbouring countries, and has frequently been accused of harming its downstream neighbours through its domestic water management policies, such as the construction of dams for hydropower. This book provides an understanding of water security in Asia by investigating how shared water resources affect China’s relationships with neighbouring countries in South, East, Southeast and Central Asia. Since China is an upstream state on most of its shared transboundary rivers, the country’s international water policy is at the core of Asia’s water security. These water disputes have had strong implications for China’s interstate relations, and also influenced its international water policy alongside domestic concerns over water resource management. This book investigates China’s policy responses to domestic water crises and examines China’s international water policy as well as its strategy in dealing with international cooperation. The authors describe the key elements of water diplomacy in Asia which demonstrate varying degrees of effectiveness of environmental agreements. It shows how China has established various institutional arrangements with neighbouring countries, primarily in the form of bilateral agreements over hydrological data exchange. Detailed case studies are included of the Mekong, Brahmaputra, Ili and Amur rivers.
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This book by a renowned environmental lawyer and scholar proposes a regime scheme that is not only based soundly on existing treaties concerning access rights to fresh water, but also on the human rights of persons dependent on rivers and lakes for water and food. Focusing on the Tigris-Euphrates basin, which is shared by Iraq, Syria, and Turkey, Professor Elver explores the transnational arrangements among these three countries for the allocation of river resources. The author clearly exposes the potential for conflict, and sets forth the role that international law can play in resolving such conflict and protecting the human rights of local populations. Published under the Transnational Publishers imprint.
'Conflict and Cooperation on South Asia's International Rivers' traces the development of international water law. This book focuses on the hydro-politics of four countries in the South Asia region: Bangladesh, India, Nepal, and Pakistan. It analyzes the problems that these countries have encountered as riparians of international rivers and how they have addressed these problems. In particular, this study reviews the treaty regimes governing the Indus River basin, the Ganges River basin, and the Kosi, Gandaki, and Mahakali river basins. Each of these regimes is described in-depth, with special attention devoted to the main problems each of these treaties sought to address. The authors also review the treaty experience and offer observations on bilateralism and multilateralism.
In preparation for the peace conference that was expected to follow World War I, in the spring of 1917 the British Foreign Office established a special section responsible for preparing background information for use by British delegates to the conference. International Rivers is Number 149 in a series of more than 160 studies produced by the section, most of which were published after the conclusion of the 1919 Paris Peace Conference. The study was written by Belgian legal scholar Georges Kaeckenbeeck (1892-1973) and thus is one of relatively few in the series issued under the name of an individual author. Kaeckenbeeck distinguishes between a national river lying wholly within the territory of one state and subject to its jurisdiction, and an international river, defined as a "river navigable from the sea, which flows through or along the territory of two or more States." International rivers are subject to the jurisdiction of more than one state and may be subject to principles or provisions of international law affecting the river as a whole. Part one covers general legal theories and principles, including those associated with or derived from feudalism, Roman law, the law of nature, and other sources. Part two deals with the laws relating to international rivers growing out of the Congress of Vienna (1814-15) and their application to the Rhine, Scheldt, Elbe, Weser, and other European rivers. This section also covers the legal regime governing navigation on the Danube River, which was established in the second half of the 19th century, but which generally followed the precedents set at the Congress of Vienna. Also discussed are the arrangements made by the European powers at the Conference of Berlin (1884-85) regarding navigation on the Congo and Niger Rivers. The final section draws general conclusions, summarizes the attitudes of the major powers regarding international riparian law, and discusses standard provisions contained in agreements relating to international rivers. The appendices include the texts of important international agreements and a brief summary of international legal issues relating to North American rivers, notably the Mississippi and Saint Lawrence, and to the Amazon and other South American rivers.
Register of International Rivers comprises international river and lake basins that form a substantial portion of the earth’s water resources, available for human use and consumption. This Register is prepared by the United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs for sessions of the Economic and Social Council’s Committee on Natural Resources. This book is divided into seven sections that comprise separate river basins communicating directly with the final recipient of the water, including oceans, closed inland seas, and lakes. It includes all the world’s separate basins shared by two or more countries and in some cases most of the basin area is confined to one country and only a small part of it extends to one or more countries. All data are organized according to five major continental divisions: Africa, North and Central America, South America, Asia, and Europe. Two categories of tables are prepared for each major continental subdivision. One is a list of countries sharing river basins with other countries, while the other is a list of rivers and lakes forming international boundaries and showing the approximate length of the boundary waters.
Systematic and analytical, this book, written an expert in the field of hydro-politics, develops a theory to explain solutions to property rights conflicts over shared rivers. .
Kalpakian tests the dominant assumption that water disputes cause violent conflict between states and other actors in world politics. Using case studies from arid regions to bias the effort towards this assumption, he finds that issues related to identity have been the real source of conflict in the river basins studied. This essential volume: - challenges conventional assumptions about water and conflict - displaces the state as the sole actor in violent conflict - reveals the link between conflict and identity This book invites the reader to address the complexity in the relationships binding peoples and states in an international river basin.