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This volume offers an inter-disciplinary and critical analysis of the role of culture in diplomatic practice. If diplomacy is understood as the practice of conducting negotiations between representatives of distinct communities or causes, then questions of culture and the spaces of cultural exchange are at its core. But what of the culture of diplomacy itself? When and how did this culture emerge, and what alternative cultures of diplomacy run parallel to it, both historically and today? How do particular spaces and places inform and shape the articulation of diplomatic culture(s)? This volume addresses these questions by bringing together a collection of theoretically rich and empirically detailed contributions from leading scholars in history, international relations, geography, and literary theory. Chapters attend to cross-cutting issues of the translation of diplomatic cultures, the role of space in diplomatic exchange and the diversity of diplomatic cultures beyond the formal state system. Drawing on a range of methodological approaches the contributors discuss empirical cases ranging from indigenous diplomacies of the Inuit Circumpolar Council, to the European External Action Service, the 1955 Bandung Conference, the spatial imaginaries of mid twentieth-century Balkan writer diplomats, celebrity and missionary diplomacy, and paradiplomatic narratives of The Hague. The volume demonstrates that, when approached from multiple disciplinary perspectives and understood as expansive and plural, diplomatic cultures offer an important lens onto issues as diverse as global governance, sovereignty regimes and geographical imaginations. This book will be of much interest to students of public diplomacy, foreign policy, international organisations, media and communications studies, and IR in general.
International business and globalization requires governments to operate in a context different than before, which is to integrate other participants of diplomacy in its own decision-making processes. Governments have been focusing on new strategies, such as involving ministries and non-state actors and institutions, providing greater transparency, and acting collectively. Facing the challenges of an increasingly complex world Diplomats are not the only actors involved in the diplomatic process because due to globalization, many actors such as NGOs, international organizations and individuals can be seen practicing diplomacy. Diplomacy is a course of actions, based on the exchange of ideas, values and traditions to reinforce the business relationships, improve the social cooperation and stimulate the national interests, with respects to globalization. Diplomacy, due to globalization the mass communication technology help access between people to promote peace & stability all over the world because it influences the opinion globally of businesses, trade, individuals, communities, cultures and countries (Kamsaris, 2020). The tactics to form international relations can be described either hard or soft power and according to Nye soft power is the ability to persuade and get what you want through culture, values and ideas through attraction rather than coercion or payments, while hard power involves activating forces. Through soft power, the use of cultural diplomacy becomes significant (Kamsaris, 2020). Regarding the international business world, the will and ability to appreciate and embrace the diverse values and needs of dissimilar cultures is important for the strategic decisions and adopt diplomacy models tactics by increasing social awareness of international companies engaged in the development of culturally sensitive marketing plans and campaigns in order to build positive public opinion, form a good image, free of local problems, conduct research regarding the cultural differences of the new country and international companies with local focus (Kamsaris, 2020). Bound states that the internet has created a world where cultures meet and mix and reform easily and constantly and countries are increasingly finding that they need to reaffirm their sovereignty to stop their cultures being swamped or changed by access to other cultural outputs. As Mark says, a state’s international cultural mission now involves a more active role in protecting and developing country culture. A country’s cultural identity needs to be strong and constantly reinforced and revitalised, or it will be flooded and lost. A culture is the set of values which underpins a country and the way that other countries use to understand you. Culture for Ribeiro is a non-threatening, inclusive way of communicating with people. It is powerful because it is universal and is shared as it is a manifestation of human genius and achievement and is charged with symbolic meaning. International relations referred to the study of foreign affairs and political interaction between countries and cover the complex of cultural, economic, legal, military, and political relations of all countries and their populations, actors and international organizations. The goal of this book is to introduce some of the main issues of international politics, such as war and peace, development, regional integration and security, and to familiarize with different ways to conceptualise and analyse these issues. This should allow to make a more confident decision about your own attitude towards particular issues and to analyse these issues more thoroughly, but it should also make you question both your own as well as others’ representations of the world.
"Communicating with the World" defines and examines public diplomacy in the context of a government's conduct of foreign affairs and identifies its rationale as an outgrowth of the worldwide communications revolution, ideological conflicts, and the interdependency of nations. The book explains the evolution of U.S. public diplomacy since World War II in terms of enabling legislation, the actions of successive directors of the U.S. Information Agency (USIA). In particular, it concentrates on the specific ways in which the U.S. government practices public diplomacy through its diplomatic missions abroad, noting the role of the ambassador and the "country team" and the importance of dialogue-- the two-way learning experience of public diplomacy. Several chapters analyze the methods and media employed in conducting public diplomacy, such as press, publications, libraries, lectures, exhibitions, and educational and cultural exchange programs. Separate chapters discuss the uses of radio (the Voice of America) and television. The book details how public affairs officers and their staffs at U.S. diplomatic missions select the audiences for each of these approaches and identify and present specific issues in terms of specific target groups. The author demonstrates the responsibility of public diplomats to advise Washington and its ambassadors in the field on the intercultural implications of U.S. foreign policies and actions and their effect on foreign public opinion. He offers a critique of current U.S. public diplomacy practices and four detailed case histories, drawn from his thirty-five years' experience in the Foreign Service. Copyright © Libri GmbH. All rights reserved.
After 9/11, which triggered a global debate on public diplomacy, 'PD' has become an issue in most countries. This book joins the debate. Experts from different countries and from a variety of fields analyze the theory and practice of public diplomacy. They also evaluate how public diplomacy can be successfully used to support foreign policy.
John Robert Kelley puts forth that modern diplomatic efforts derive not from states whose centuries-long power is loosening, but rather from a new breed of diplomats—exit the diplomacy of institutions; enter the diplomacy of individuals competing for power. Moving beyond standard concepts of “traditional” and “new” diplomacy, Agency Change illustrates how parallel, yet disparate diplomatic systems emerge—statesmen seeing power vis-à-vis non-state actors seeking solutions to problems—and examines different mutually beneficial solutions to this phenomenon. Kelley examines how different factor impact diplomatic action: Idea entrepreneurship Agenda-setting Mobilization Gate-keeping He concludes that the time has come for governments to innovate their diplomatic efforts in order to find a way to coexist with non-state actors while maintaining accountability, legitimizing the use of state strength, and leveraging permanent presence in diplomatic relationships. This thorough survey shows how states can embrace change by first recognizing sources of power in today’s diplomatic affairs, and presents a case for what states can do now to respond to a world in which diplomacy has gone public.
"Effective diplomacy remains fundamental to the conduct of international relations in the twenty-first century, as we seek to define and manage a challenging new world order peacefully. New Perspectives on Diplomacy highlights the importance of diplomacy in political and military crises, featuring details of life as a diplomat, the importance of alliance building, managing failure and diplomatic negotiations with armed groups. Using regional case studies from Africa, Europe, the Middle East, Russia and Asia, the second volume demonstrates that the importance of diplomacy and diplomats remains undiminished."--