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Few-body physics covers a rich and wide variety of phenomena, ranging from the very lowest energy scales of atomic and molecular physics to high-energy particle physics. The papers contained in the present volume provide an apercu of recent progress in the field from both the theoretical and experimental perspectives and are based on work presented at the “22nd International Conference on Few-Body Problems in Physics”. This book is geared towards academics and graduate students involved in the study of systems which present few-body characteristics and those interested in the related mathematical and computational techniques.
Recent advances in three areas of nuclear physics are addressed in this volume. The theory of the ground state of matter is fundamental to many areas of physics and, in particular, is crucial to a microscopic understanding of nuclear physics. All conclusions concerning the relevance of me sonic, nu clear isobar, and quark degrees of freedom to nuclear structure are nec essarily subject to limitations in one's ability to accurately solve the nuclear many-body problem with static two-body interactions. Thus, it is particularly significant that in recent years great advances have been made in the vari ational theory of the ground state of zero-temperature infinite matter. The first article presents a pedagogical treatment of these advances and surveys computational results for a variety of model and physical systems. The second article reviews recent progress in determining nuclear tran sition densities from inelastic electron scattering. In the past, detailed knowl edge of the charge distributions in nuclear ground states obtained from inverting elastic electron scattering data has proven extremely valuable.
Proton Therapy Physics goes beyond current books on proton therapy to provide an in-depth overview of the physics aspects of this radiation therapy modality, eliminating the need to dig through information scattered in the medical physics literature. After tracing the history of proton therapy, the book summarizes the atomic and nuclear physics background necessary for understanding proton interactions with tissue. It describes the physics of proton accelerators, the parameters of clinical proton beams, and the mechanisms to generate a conformal dose distribution in a patient. The text then covers detector systems and measuring techniques for reference dosimetry, outlines basic quality assurance and commissioning guidelines, and gives examples of Monte Carlo simulations in proton therapy. The book moves on to discussions of treatment planning for single- and multiple-field uniform doses, dose calculation concepts and algorithms, and precision and uncertainties for nonmoving and moving targets. It also examines computerized treatment plan optimization, methods for in vivo dose or beam range verification, the safety of patients and operating personnel, and the biological implications of using protons from a physics perspective. The final chapter illustrates the use of risk models for common tissue complications in treatment optimization. Along with exploring quality assurance issues and biological considerations, this practical guide collects the latest clinical studies on the use of protons in treatment planning and radiation monitoring. Suitable for both newcomers in medical physics and more seasoned specialists in radiation oncology, the book helps readers understand the uncertainties and limitations of precisely shaped dose distribution.