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A watershed assessment is required before any forest development plan is prepared for a community watershed in British Columbia. This guidebook is intended to provide direction to all professionals required to conduct watershed assessments, based on an assessment of the potential for cumulative hydrological effects from past and proposed forest harvesting and road building. It first describes the components of a watershed assessment, including formation of an advisory committee, compilation of existing information, field assessments, a hydrologist's report, and making forest development plan recommendations. Finally, administrative issues are discussed. Appendices include guidance on identification of watershed units, estimation of peak flow factors, sediment source surveys, and stream channel stability classification.
The British Columbia Forest Practices Code made watershed assessment mandatory in community watersheds and on selected high-value fish streams. A research program was established to verify various concepts incorporated into the guidebook that was written to prescribe the method by which watershed assessment was to take place. Other research programs were put in place to better understand hydrologic processes that are occurring in watersheds. This report presents proceedings of a workshop organized to update those who perform & who use the watershed assessments with regard to the most recent research findings. Topics of presentations include watershed processes in interior British Columbia, assessing hydrologic risk, effects of forest cover changes on stream flow, forest influences on snow, effects of harvesting on peak flow, flow modelling, stream channel assessment, sediment budgets, assessing natural sedimentation patterns, and stream- side logging & riparian hazard assessment.
Discusses the channel assessment procedures (CAP) that forms level 2 analysis of the coastal and interior watershed assessment procedures (WAP).
The watershed assessment procedure (WAP) is a tool to help forest managers understand the type and extent of current water-related problems that exist in a watershed and to recognize the possible hydrologic implications of proposed forestry-related development in that watershed. This guidebook explains how to complete a reconnaissance-level WAP analysis for coastal areas in British Columbia according to the provincial Forest Practices Code. The procedure includes compilation on a topographic base map of data relating to peak flow, surface erosion, riparian buffers, landslides, headwaters, and watershed characteristics, then converting the raw data into indicator scores and compiling the scores onto a watershed report card. The guide includes sample worksheet forms and instructions on how to summarize the results in five impact categories and how to produce a hazard index for each category. The appendices include definitions of erosion-prone areas and descriptions of forestry impacts on surface hydrology and erosion.
A watershed assessment should be carried out before forestry activities are expanded in areas with stream resources of high value. This Extension Note reviews the draft Watershed Assessment Procedure for the Southern Interior of British Columbia, September 1993 version. The new flow chart and sample watershed should help readers visualize the steps associated with a watershed assessment.
During 2000/2001 exceptionally high winter rainfall resulted in major ground instability problems on the Isle of Wight, and coincided with the completion of important research on the predicted impacts of climate change on unstable coastal and mountainous areas. These proceedings highlight the importance of implementing coastal and landslide management strategies and integrating the research findings into strategic planning and development control policies.
Hydrological processes in forested watersheds are influenced by environmental, physiological, and biometric factors such as precipitation, radiation, temperature, species type, leaf area, and extent and structure of forest ecosystems. Over the past two centuries, forest coverage and forest structures have been impacted globally by anthropogenic activities, for example, forest harvesting, and conversion of forested landscapes for plantations and urbanization. In addition, since the industrial revolution, climate change has resulted in profound impacts on forest ecosystems due to higher carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration or CO2 fertilization, warmer temperatures, changes in frequency and intensity of extreme weather events and natural disturbances. As a result, hydrological processes in forested watersheds have been altered by these natural and anthropogenic factors and these changes are expected to accelerate due to future changing climatic conditions. Hence, understanding how various environmental, physiological, and physical drivers interactively influence hydrological and biogeochemical processes in forest ecosystems is critical for sustainable water supply in forested watersheds. About 21% of the global population depends on water sources that originate in forested catchments where forest coverage larger than 30%. Furthermore, there are knowledge gaps in our understanding of the mechanism of hydrological and hydrochemical cycles in forested watersheds. This Special Issue addresses these gaps in our knowledge and includes twelve papers in the following three major research themes in forest watershed areas.