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Written by leading authorities in the field of damage and micromechanics of composites, this book deals mainly with the damage impaired in composites due to different types of loading. It examines the different types of damage in composites in the fiber, matrix, debonding and delamination. It also reviews the theoretical characterization of damage, its experimental determination as well as the numerical simulation of damage.
Progress has been made in advancing the state of the art in multiple-scale modeling of damage in composite materials, as delineated below. Interfacial Debonding Analysis in Multiple Fiber Reinforced Composites: Decohesion at multiple fiber interfaces of elastic fiber reinforced composites is modeled by the Voronoi cell finite element model (VCFEM). Interfacial debonding is accommodated by cohesive zone models and simulations are compared with results from experiments, performed using cruciform specimens of fiber polymer-matrix composites. A Multi-level Computational Model for Multi-scale Damage Analysis in Composite and Porous Materials: An adaptive multi-level methodology is developed to create a hierarchy of computational sub-domains with varying resolution for multiple scale problems. It concurrently predicts variables at the structural and microstructural scales and tracks microstructural damage. VCFEM conducts microstructural analysis, while a displacement based FEM code executes the macroscopic analysis. The adaptive process increases efficiency and accuracy. Experimental-Computationai Investigation Of Damage Evolution In Discontinuously Reinforced Composite: A combined experimental-computational approach to study the evolution of microscopic damage to cause failure in commercial SiC particle reinforced DRA's. Aspects of microstructural geometry that are most critical for damage nucleation and evolution are accomplished. Micromechanical modeling of 2D micrographs are conducted with VCFEM. Inferences on the initiation and propagation of damage are made from the 2D simulations.
The major motivation behind the Boundary Element Method (BEM) was to reduce the dependency of analysis on the definition of meshes. This has allowed the method to expand naturally into new techniques such as Dual Reciprocity and all other Mesh reduction Methods (MRM). MRM and BEM continue to be very active areas of research with many of the resulting techniques applied to solve increasingly complex problems. This book contains papers presented at the much-acclaimed thirtieth International Conference on Boundary Elements and other Mesh Reductions Methods . The proceedings contain papers on practically all major developments in Boundary Elements, including the most recent MRM techniques, grouped under the following topics: Fluid Flow; Heat Transfer; Electrical Engineering and Electromagnetics; Damage Mechanics and Fracture; Mesh Reduction Techniques; Advanced Computational Techniques
The proposed book focusses on the theme of failure of polymer composites, focusing on vital aspects of enhancing failure resistance, constituents and repair including associated complexities. It discusses characterization and experimentation of the composites under loading with respect to the specific environment and applications. Further, it includes topics as green composites, advanced materials and composite joint failure, buckling failure, and fiber-metal composite failure. It explains preparation, applications of composites for weight sensitive applications, leading to potential applications and formulations, fabrication of polymer products based on bio-resources. Provides exhaustive understanding of failure and fatigue of polymer composites Covers the failure of fiber reinforced polymer composites, composite joint failure, fiber-metal composite, and laminate failure Discusses how to enhance the resistance against failure of the polymer composites Provides input to industry related and academic orientated research problems Represents an organized perspective and analysis of materials processing, material design, and their failure under loading This book is aimed at researchers, graduate students in composites, fiber reinforcement, failure mechanism, materials science, and mechanical engineering.
By considering the wide applications of composite materials, it is necessary to have a proper knowledge of dynamic behavior as well as static behavior reflecting the damage in composite materials. Strain rates have significant effects on dynamic behavior in composite materials when they are under dynamic loadings. In this thesis, a multiscale numerical approach with finite element code ABAQUS is developed to characterize failure criteria to express static and dynamic damage mechanisms of matrix cracking and interfacial debonding under uniaxial tensile loadings for composite materials. The random epoxy/glass composite material is investigated under three strain rates: quasi-static, intermediate and high, corresponding to 10-4, 1 and 200 s-1, respectively. A representative volume element (RVE) of a random glass fiber composite is employed to analyze microscale damage mechanisms of matrix cracking and interfacial debonding, while the associated damage variables are defined and applied in a mesoscale stiffness reduction law. The macroscopic response of the homogenized damage model is investigated using finite element analysis and validated through experiments. The random epoxy/glass composite specimens fail at a smaller strain; there is less matrix cracking but more interfacial debonding accumulated as the strain rate increases. The dynamic simulation results of stress strain response are compared with experimental tests carried out on composite specimens, and a respectable agreement between them under the low strain rate is observed. Finally, a case study of a random glass fiber composite plate containing a central hole subjected to tensile loading is performed to illustrate the applicability of the multiscale damage model.
High-temperature ceramic fibers are the key components of ceramic matrix composites (CMCs). Ceramic fiber properties (strength, temperature and creep resistance, for example)-along with the debonding characteristics of their coatings-determine the properties of CMCs. This report outlines the state of the art in high-temperature ceramic fibers and coatings, assesses fibers and coatings in terms of future needs, and recommends promising avenues of research. CMCs are also discussed in this report to provide a context for discussing high-temperature ceramic fibers and coatings.
This book gives an introduction to computational plasticity and includes the kinematics of large deformations, together with relevant continuum mechanics. Central to the book is its focus on computational plasticity, and we cover an introduction to the finite element method which includes both quasi-static and dynamic problems. We then go on to describe explicit and implicit implementations of plasticity models in to finite element software. Throughout the book, we describe thegeneral, multiaxial form of the theory but uniquely, wherever possible, reduce the equations to their simplest, uniaxial form to develop understanding of the general theory and, we hope, physical insight. We provide several examples of implicit and explicit implementations of von Mises time-independentand visco-plasticity in to the commercial code ABAQUS (including the fortran coding), which should prove invaluable to research students and practising engineers developing ABAQUS 'UMATs'. The book bridges the gap between undergraduate material on plasticity and existing advanced texts on nonlinear computational mechanics, which makes it ideal for students and practising engineers alike. It introduces a range of engineering applications, including superplasticity, porous plasticity, cyclicplasticity and thermo-mechanical fatigue, to emphasize the subject's relevance and importance.
The advantages of composite materials include a high specific strength and stiffness, formability, and a comparative resistance to fatigue cracking and corrosion. However, not forsaking these advantages, composite materials are prone to a wide range of defects and damage that can significantly reduce the residual strength and stiffness of a structure or result in unfavorable load paths. Emphasizing defect identification and restitution, Defects and Damage in Composite Materials and Structures explains how defects and damage in composite materials and structures impact composite component performance. Providing ready access to an extensive, descriptive list of defects and damage types, this must-have reference: Examines defect criticality in composite structures Recommends repair actions to restore structural integrity Discusses failure modes and mechanisms of composites due to defects Reviews NDI processes for finding and identifying defects in composite materials Relating defect detection methods to defect type, the author merges his experience in the field of in-service activities for composite airframe maintenance and repair with indispensable reports and articles on defects and damage in advanced composite materials from the last 50 years.