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This book presents a multidisciplinary overview of a little known interethnic conflict in the southernmost part of the Americas: the tensions between the Mapuche indigenous people and the settlers of European descent in the Araucania region, in southern Chile. Politically autonomous during the colonial period, the Mapuche had their land confiscated, their population decimated and the survivors displaced and relocated as marginalized and poor peasants by Chilean white settlers at the end of the nineteenth century, when Araucania was transformed in a multi-ethnic region marked by numerous tensions between the marginalized indigenous population and the dominant Chileans of European descent. This contributed volume presents a collection of papers which delve into some of the intercultural dilemmas posed by these complex interethnic relations. These papers were originally published in Spanish and French and provide a sample of the research activities of the Núcleo de Estudios Interétnicos e Interculturales (NEII) at the Universidad Católica de Temuco, in the capital of Araucania. The NEII research center brings together scholars from different fields: sociocultural anthropology, sociolinguistics, ethno-literature, intercultural education, intercultural philosophy, ethno-history and translation studies to produce innovative research in intercultural and interethnic relations. The chapters in this volume present a sample of this work, focusing on three main topics: The ambivalence between the inclusion and exclusion of indigenous peoples in processes of nation-building. The challenges posed by the incorporation of intercultural practices in the spheres of language, education and justice. The limitations of a functional notion of interculturality based on eurocentric thought and neoliberal economic rationality. Intercultural Studies from Southern Chile: Theoretical and Empirical Approaches will be of interest to anthropologists, linguists, historians, philosophers, educators and a range of other social scientists interested in intercultural and interethnic studies.
El propósito de este libro es interpretar la filosofía intercultural latinoamericana de Fornet-Betancourt a partir de las praxis intersubjetivas, dialógicas y éticas, que se suscitan entre los sujetos de las culturas. Se tematiza, entonces, lo que el autor entiende como el proceso comunicativo polifónico intercultural: la puesta en práctica de un encuentro hermenéutico que abre los espacios de interacción emancipada en pueblos coloniales donde subsisten plurivisiones de formas de vida que buscan recuperar esa voz del otro excluido, marginado, empobrecido, a fin de crear posibilidades concretas para una convivencia pacífica que democratice la justicia social a través de la dignidad, el respeto y la solidaridad, entre seres humanos de distintas culturas.
Desde 1971, año denominado de Acción contra el Racismo y la Discriminación Racial por la ONU, hasta 1997, declarado Año Europeo contra el Racismo y la Xenofobia, la discriminación racial no ha ido disminuyendo, sino que, debido a múltiples causas económicas, políticas, sociales y religiosas, ha aumentado su intensidad, la variedad de sus expresiones y los terribles fenómenos a que da lugar. ¿Qué puede aportar la educación para contrarrestar u oponerse a este fenómeno? ¿Cómo puede promover la transformación social? La escuela debe ser una plataforma para el desarrollo de la interculturalidad, fomentando estrategias de aprendizaje que enseñen a los ciudadanos a leer el mundo desde diversas perspectivas, evitando el dogmatismo y la intolerancia. La Educación Intercultural se encarga de proponer un tipo de práctica escolar, en la que los educandos trabajan por mejorar las posibilidades reales de convivencia y de justicia social.
The sections and chapters contained in this book deal with issues and challenges facing indigenous and minority populations located in several geographical areas of the world. The papers are written by writers and scholars from various parts of the world and, like any piece of literature on indigenous and minority populations, the topics are diverse. The perspectives are both interdisciplinary and multi-disciplinary. The issues examined in the various chapters cover areas pertaining to their human rights, preservation of their culture and identity, traditional knowledge, and their challenges, but also scholarly and epistemological approaches to understanding and articulating such topics in academic contexts. Indeed, the issues around indigenous and minority populations across the world transcend their human rights concerns in relation to dominant groups and institutions within the territorial boundaries of the modern states where they currently live. These issues are cultural, anthropological, sociological, philosophical and epistemological, as well as historical. Any scholarly piece of work on indigenous and minority populations is therefore inevitably inter-disciplinary, multi-disciplinary or both. The various topics examined by the authors epitomize this diversity of issues around such populations. The book is a significant source of information for students, academics, practitioners, policymakers, government officials and non-governmental organisations working on issues that pertain to such populations at national, regional and global levels.
El interculturalismo plantea el problema de la convivencia en la diversidad. En este trabajo se estudia el dialogo intercultural desde la perspectiva de la teoria de la justicia, como la via de apertura de este principio rector de las relaciones sociales a la dimension etica de la solidaridad. Ello supone una nueva consideracion de la igualdad que supera las deficiencias de las medidas antidiscriminacion para equiparar los de derechos de los grupos minoritarios. En el dialogo se refleja la medida de cohesion de una sociedad multicultural, y se manifiesta la necesidad de valoraciones y creencias comunes sobre los principios que inspiran la organizacion social para que este sea posible. Con ello se fundamenta la posibilidad de una "sociedad inclusiva," a la que aspira el proceso de integracion europea. Como aplicacion particular se establecen los condicionamientos y las exigencias de una educacion para el dialogo, a fin de orientar las politicas publicas para construir una escuela intercultural, y se hace una referencia al conflicto intercultural en los contextos educativos. El libro se dirige a los profesionales vinculados a los centros educativos y al publico interesado."
Globalization brings people and cultures together, producing, in addition to deep and rich encounters, exclusion, racism, xenophobia and asymmetries. The present book takes these issues implicitly as its starting point by thoroughly reflecting on them from a perspective of worldviews, as one of many approaches. More specifically, it focuses on people’s implicit and explicit interpretations and assumptions of the world, of themselves and of others. Often deeply rooted and hard to change, they have an important function, for without them we would continually need to question what we do and what we think. In their absolutist form, these assumptions may become a barrier for open-mindedness, and hence for deep intercultural understanding and exchange. We need to find a balance between both stances. Intercultural philosophy tries to fulfil this role, on the one hand by comparing different cultures on a deep philosophical level, and as a way to better understand each other’s core assumptions, and on the other hand by arguing for an intercultural philosophy grounded in specific cases. The contributions of this book conceive of "another possible world" which does not condemn cultural and religious diversity as a detonator for "Clashes of Civilizations", but rather welcomes it as a source of inspiration for all and of respect for the "different".