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El presente libro agrupa diversas reflexiones sobre la interculturalidad teniendo como foco de atención el contexto latinoamericano. El estudio de la naturaleza híbrida de las sociedades latinoamericanas (al mismo tiempo tradicionales y modernas, tanto en sus prácticas como en sus modos de pensar) es un reto importante. Ahora la democracia no consiste solamente en recoger la voluntad popular mediante el voto. Se está desarrollando una concepción de sociedad más comunitaria, donde la integración de la diferencia cultural (la dignidad humana) tiene un rol fundamental en la construcción no solo de la cohesión social sino también de la identidad nacional. Los lectores y lectoras hallarán aquí diversos hilos argumentales, pero será la suma de todos ellos lo que les ayudará a configurar su propia opinión sobre el racismo, el clasismo y el sexismo. Se habla sobre todo de América Latina, pero estos conflictos son evidentemente globales.
Latin America has a long tradition of constitutional reform. Since the democratic transitions of the 1980s, most countries have amended their constitutions at least once, and some have even undergone constitutional reform several times. The global phenomenon of a new constitutionalism, with enhanced rights provisions, finds expression in the region, but the new constitutions, such as those of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador and Venezuela, also have some peculiar characteristics which are discussed in this important book. Authors from a number of different disciplines offer a general overview of constitutional reforms in Latin America since 1990. They explore the historical, philosophical and doctrinal differences between traditional and new constitutionalism in Latin America and examine sources of inspiration. The book also covers sociopolitical settings, which factors and actors are relevant for the reform process, and analyzes the constitutional practices after reform, including the question of whether the recent constitutional reforms created new post-liberal democracies with an enhanced human and social rights record, or whether they primarily serve the ambitions of new political leaders.
Around the world, we see a 'participatory turn' in the pursuit of gender equality, exemplified by the adoption of gender quotas in national legislatures to promote women's role as decision-makers. We also see a 'pluralism turn', with increasing legal recognition given to the customary law or religious law of minority groups and indigenous peoples. To date, the former trend has primarily benefitted majority women, and the latter has primarily benefitted minority men. Neither has effectively ensured the participation of minority women. In response, multicultural feminists have proposed institutional innovations to strengthen the voice of minority women, both at the state level and in decisions about the interpretation and evolution of cultural and religious practices. This volume explores the connection between gender parity and multicultural feminism, both at the level of theory and in practice. The authors explore a range of cases from Europe, Latin America, the Middle East, and Africa, in relation to state law, customary law, religious law, and indigenous law. While many obstacles remain, and many women continue to suffer from the paradox of multicultural vulnerability, these innovations in theory and practice offer new prospects for reconciling gender equality and pluralism.
R. Aída Hernández Castillo synthesizes twenty-four years of research and activism among indigenous women's organizations in Latin America, offering a critical new contribution to the field of activist anthropology and for anyone interested in social justice.