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A collection of articles on different approaches to the investigation of surface effects on nanosized magnetic materials, with special emphasis on magnetic nanoparticles. The book provides an overview of progress in the field through recent results.
This interdisciplinary approach to the topic brings together reviews of the physics, chemistry, fabrication and application of magnetic nanoparticles and nanostructures within a single cover. With its discussion of the basics as well as the most recent developments, and featuring many examples of practical applications, the result is both a clear and concise introduction to the topic for beginners and a guide to relevant comprehensive physical phenomena and essential technological applications for experienced researchers.
This Handbook covers all aspects of Nanoparticles, from their preparation to their practical application. The chapters present different ways to synthesize nanometer particles, as well as their functionalization and other surface treatments to allow them to a practical use. Several industrial applications of such nanometer particles are also covered in this Handbook. It is a complete reference for those working with Nanotechnology at the lab level, from students to professionals.
This book provides comprehensive coverage of the most recent progress and developments in the field of magnetic nanoparticles, with special emphasis on new materials design approaches for magnetic nanoarchitectures, advanced characterization techniques, and a wide range of applications areas including permanent magnets, biomedicine, and life sciences. The book also features an exhaustive section on fundamentals, covering single particle effects, surface effects, and interparticle interactions. The book delivers a strong focus throughout on the multidisciplinarity of the subject spanning physics, chemistry, engineering, biology, medicine, and environmental science. This forward-looking contributed volume highlights future perspectives and areas of emerging research, and will be of great interest to advanced undergraduates, as well as researchers in academia and industry.
As the size of particles scales down to nanometer regime, the physical properties are totally different from bulk counterparts. In magnetic materials, magnetic properties show strong size dependence, originating from finite size and surface effects. In this dissertation, I show that both magnetization and magnetotransport in magnetic nanoparticles can be dominated by surface magnetic configurations. In systems with competing antiferromagnetic (AFM) exchange interaction and ferromagnetic (FM) exchange interaction, a reduction of the total saturation magnetization is accompanied by a fast drop of magnetization at low temperatures for nanoparticles. Depending on the surface termination, AFM exchange interaction may contribute stronger at the surface than inside the particle, leading to such effects. Charge transport properties in nanoparticles are determined by inter-particle distances, which can be tuned by annealing conditions. The magnetoresistance (MR) is dominated by spin dependent scattering at the nanoparticle surfaces with spin disorder, and therefore MR can be fitted perfectly by a Langevin-like function regardless of annealing temperatures.
This volume provides a comprehensive overview of recent developments in magnetic particle imaging (MPI), a novel imaging modality. Using various static and oscillating magnetic fields, and tracer materials made from iron oxide nanoparticles, MPI can perform background-free measurements of the particles’ local concentration. The method exploits the nonlinear remagnetization behavior of the particles and has the potential to surpass current methods for the detection of iron oxide in terms of sensitivity and spatiotemporal resolution. Starting from an introduction to the technology, the topics addressed include setting up an imaging device, assessment of image quality, development of new MPI tracer materials, and the first preclinical results. This is the first book to be published on magnetic particle imaging, and it will be an invaluable source of information for everyone with an interest in this exciting new modality.
ABSTRACT: Material physics is always motivated by the materials with exotic properties. It was a common belief that exotic properties are only associated with exotic materials. Now it is clear that geometrical con nement at nanoscale dimensions can give rise to exotic properties even in simple materials. Ferromagnetic materials in restricted dimensions are extremely interesting because of their potential applications as well as the rich fundamental science involved. Magnetic nanoparticles are useful in high density magnetic data storage devices, sensors, contrast agents in MRI, drug delivery, treating hyperthemia and many more. All the applications of nanomagnets are very crucial in modern day life. But most of the applications are restricted due to the limitations in the fundamental properties arises in nanoscale and also due to the technical limitations of controlling things at nanoscale. For example particles become superparamagnetic as the size is reduced below a certain value and the magnetization direction uctuates randomly due to the thermal energy which limits the density of data storage. The promises of nanomagnets are huge and to really achieve the grand challenges in nanomagnetism, it is necessary to understand the basic sciences involve at small scales. In this present work, the magnetic properties of systems in nanoscale (nanoparticles and thin lms) have been investigated. The e ect of dipolar interactions, particle size, particle size distribution, temperature, magnetic eld etc. on the magnetic properties have been studied.
Biomedical Applications of Magnetic Particles discusses fundamental magnetic nanoparticle physics and chemistry and explores important biomedical applications and future challenges. The first section presents the fundamentals of the field by explaining the theory of magnetism, describing techniques to synthesize magnetic particles, detailing methods to characterize magnetic particles, and quantitatively describing the applied magnetic forces, torques, and the resultant particle motions. The second section describes the wide range of biomedical applications, including chemical sensors, cellular actuators, drug delivery, magnetic hyperthermia, magnetic resonance imaging contrast enhancement, and toxicity. Additional key features include: Covers both introduction to physics and characterization of magnetic nanoparticles and the state of the art in biomedical applications Authoritative reference for scientists and engineers for all new or old to the field Describes how the size of magnetic nanoparticles affects their magnetic properties, colloidal properties, and biological properties. Written by a team of internationally respected experts, this book provides an up-to-date authoritative reference for scientists and engineers.