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Arising from a workshop, this book surveys the physics of ultracold atoms and molecules taking into consideration the latest research on ultracold phenomena, such as Bose Einstein condensation and quantum computing. Several reputed authors provide an introduction to the field, covering recent experimental results on atom and molecule cooling as well as the theoretical treatment.
This book derives from the content of graduate courses on cold atomic gases, taught at the Renmin University of China and at the University of Science and Technology of China. It provides a brief review on the history and current research frontiers in the field of ultracold atomic gases, as well as basic theoretical description of few- and many-body physics in the system. Starting from the basics such as atomic structure, atom-light interaction, laser cooling and trapping, the book then moves on to focus on the treatment of ultracold Fermi gases, before turning to topics in quantum simulation using cold atoms in optical lattices.The book would be ideal not only for professionals and researchers, but also for familiarizing junior graduate students with the subject and aiding them in their preparation for future study and research in the field.
The rapidly developing topic of ultracold atoms has many actual and potential applications for condensed-matter science, and the contributions to this book emphasize these connections. Ultracold Bose and Fermi quantum gases are introduced at a level appropriate for first-year graduate students and non-specialists such as more mature general physicists. The reader will find answers to questions like: how are experiments conducted and how are the results interpreted? What are the advantages and limitations of ultracold atoms in studying many-body physics? How do experiments on ultracold atoms facilitate novel scientific opportunities relevant to the condensed-matted community? This volume seeks to be comprehensible rather than comprehensive; it aims at the level of a colloquium, accessible to outside readers, containing only minimal equations and limited references. In large part, it relies on many beautiful experiments from the past fifteen years and their very fruitful interplay with basic theoretical ideas. In this particular context, phenomena most relevant to condensed-matter science have been emphasized. Introduces ultracold Bose and Fermi quantum gases at a level appropriate for non-specialists Discusses landmark experiments and their fruitful interplay with basic theoretical ideas Comprehensible rather than comprehensive, containing only minimal equations
In recent years, there has been much synergy between the exciting areas of quantum information science and ultracold atoms. This volume, as part of the proceedings for the XCI session of Les Houches School of Physics (held for the first time outside Europe in Singapore) brings together experts in both fields. The theme of the school focused on two principal topics: quantum information science and ultracold atomic physics. The topics range from Bose Einstein Condensates to Degenerate Fermi Gases to fundamental concepts in Quantum Information Sciences, including some special topics on Quantum Hall Effects, Quantum Phase Transition, Interactions in Quantum Fluids, Disorder and Interference Phenomenoma, Trapped Ions and Atoms, and Quantum Optical Devices.
Abstract: This thesis discusses two important topics in ultracold atomic gases: strong interactions in quantum gases, and quantum Hall physics in neutral atoms. First we give a brief introduction on basic scattering models in atomic physics, and an approach to adjust the interactions between atoms. We also include a list of experimental probes in cold atom physics. After these introductions, in Chapter 3, we report a few interesting problems in strongly interacting quantum gases. We introduce the BCS-BEC crossover model and relevant many-body techniques at the beginning, and discuss the details of several specific systems. We find the Fermi gases across narrow Feshbach resonances are strongly interacting at low temperature even when the magnetic field is several widths away from the resonance. We also discuss an approach to describe the metastable repulsive branch of Bose and Fermi gases across the resonance, and find a stable region of repulsive Bose gas close to unitarity. Some studies in two dimensional Fermi gases with spin imbalance are also included, and they are closely related to a number of recent experiments. In Chapter 4, we discuss quantum Hall physics in the context of neutral atomic gases. After illustrating how the Berry phase experienced by neutral atoms is equivalent to the magnetic field in electrons, we introduce the newly developed synthetic gauge field scheme in which a gauge potential is coupled to the neutral atoms. We give a detail introduction to this Raman coupling scheme developed by NIST group, and derive the theoretical model of the system. Then we make some predictions on the evolution of quantum Hall states when an extra anisotropy is applied from the external trap. Finally, we propose some experiments to verify our predictions.
An ultracold Fermi atomic gas at unitarity presents universal properties that in the dilute limit can be well described by a contact interaction. By employing a guiding function with correct boundary conditions and making simple modifications to the sampling procedure we are able to calculate the properties of a true contact interaction with the diffusion Monte Carlo method. The results are obtained with small variances. Our calculations for the Bertsch and contact parameters are in excellent agreement with published experiments. The possibility of using a more faithful description of ultracold atomic gases can help uncover additional features of ultracold atomic gases. In addition, this work paves the way to perform quantum Monte Carlo calculations for other systems interacting with contact interactions, where the description using potentials with finite effective range might not be accurate.