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The main purpose of this research is to determine the possibility of substituting in-place core density (% Gmm) for Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) Quality Assurance (QA) in Indiana Department of Transportation Specification with Intelligent Compaction (IC) measurements. A questionnaire survey and interviews were conducted to gather information on: 1) the usage of IC technology in other states, 2) the benefits of applying IC technology, and 3) the application of IC technology for Quality Control/ Quality Assurance (QC/QA). Also the data available from IC demonstration performed on US 52 in 2009 was analyzed to identify the relationship between in-place density values (i.e., Non-Nuclear Gauge, NNG) and the IC Measurement Values (ICMVs).According to survey responses from 26 agencies, there was no state DOT using IC for QA as of June 2014. Only two DOTs, including Alaska and Vermont have adopted IC in HMA compaction for QC. The reasons for not using IC technology in current QC/QA practices were: 1) satisfaction with existing QC/QA procedure, 2) difficulty of adjustment due to the lack of specifications in determining stiffness in HMA, and 3) lack of availability of IC equipment with contractors. However, it was responded that the most benefits of IC was night time paving and uniform compaction in QC.Analysis of the ICMV data obtained from a demonstration project on US 52 indicated that a NNG correlation showed an R2 value of 0.67. This finding supports the IC implementation in the current INDOT HMA QC. It should be noted that a correlation between core-density and ICMV could not be determined due to lack of reliable data.In conclusion, the research could not identify any possibility of adding IC into the INDOT specification for QA based on the survey, phone interviews and analysis of the data obtained from IC demonstration on US 52.
Intelligent compaction (IC) technology integrated with global positioning system (GPS) provides 100 percent coverage for compacted earth materials and hot mix asphalt (HMA) conditions. Using IC shows significant potential for enhancing the abilities of governmental agencies and contractors to construct better, safer, and less expensive transportation infrastructure projects. The Iowa Department of Transportation (DOT) and the Earthworks Engineering Research Center (EERC) at Iowa State University have organized three national level annual workshops (2008-2010) to provide a collaborative exchange of ideas and experiences, share research results, and develop research, education, and implementation initiatives for IC.
Mn/DOT research has indicated that intelligent compaction (IC) will improve construction quality and efficiencies for the Contractors and Mn/DOT field staff. Experience thus far has illustrated that quality control, quality assurance and research activities were problematic using the software provided by the roller manufacturers. The manufacturers’ software is proprietary, expensive, subject to change, and generally did not provide the functionality required by Mn/DOT. Hence, the Department chose to develop software and processes fitting their specific needs. The work included: 1. Development of database structures for managing and archiving IC data 2. Software to import and validate IC data, populate the database and write geographic information system (GIS) shapefiles 3. Processes and tools to manage, display and evaluate IC data within ArcInfo GIS software. The end product of this research is equally suited to compaction of both unbound and bound materials used to construct the entire flexible pavement structure. This final report describes the target functionality, terminology, geodatabase structure, import and filtering software and ArcInfo geographic information system (GIS) platform processes.
Intelligent compaction (IC) is an emerging technology, and for some applications it is mature enough for implementation in field compaction of pavement materials. The intent of this project is to realize the blueprint in the FHWA IC strategic plan. IC is a compaction technology used for materials including soils, aggregates, and asphalt mixtures, by using vibratory rollers equipped with the real-time kinematic (RTK) Global Positioning System (GPS), roller-integrated measurement system (normally accelerometer-based), feedback controls, and onboard real-time display of all IC measurements. IC technology can be used to produce uniformly compacted pavement products that perform better and last longer.
TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 676: Intelligent Soil Compaction Systems explores intelligent compaction, a new method of achieving and documenting compaction requirements. Intelligent compaction uses continuous compaction-roller vibration monitoring to assess mechanistic soil properties, continuous modification/adaptation of roller vibration amplitude and frequency to ensure optimum compaction, and full-time monitoring by an integrated global positioning system to provide a complete GPS-based record of the compacted area--
This study documents relationships between intelligent compaction measurement values (IC-MVs) and various insitu point measurement techniques for monitoring compaction of non-granular and granular materials. Factors affecting correlations are discussed (e.g., soil type, moisture contents, stress level, etc.). Measurements from earth pressure cells document the relationship between in-ground stresses for rollers and various in-situ test methods. Comparisons were made between test roller rut depth measurements and IC-MVs and various point measurements as a quality assurance (QA) check for the subgrade pavement foundation layer. It was concluded that IC-MVs and in-situ point measurements can serve as reliable alternatives to test rolling. Site specific target values were calculated for IC-MVs, dynamic cone penetrometer (DCP), light weight deflectometer, (LWD), and shear strength. Measurement error and protocols for field testing were evaluated for LWDs. Laboratory compacted samples were used to assess an approach for determining LWD field target values. Future research is recommended to evaluate this approach for materials on a state-wide basis. Results from field studies were used to develop four IC specification options. Three specifications do not require on-site roller calibration. One specification option requires on-site calibration of IC-MVs and in-situ point measurements. This specification option has the advantages of quantifying risk, establishing a framework for a performance specification, providing information for incentive-based pay, and better linking as-built quality to long-term performance. An IC training/certification program, new IC field data analysis tools, and additional pilot projects will assist with greater implementation of these technologies.
The objective of this project was to provide a qualitative assessment of the Minnesota Department of Transportation's Intelligent Compaction (IC) Specifications. IC is an attractive approach to evaluate the compaction quality because it involves continuous and instantaneous evaluation of the soil through machine-drive power or drum vibration monitoring. Four construction sites utilizing IC were visited: (1) TH 36 in North St. Paul, involving both granular and nongranular soils; (2) US 10 in Staples, with granular soil; (3) TH 60 in Bigelow, with nongranular soil; (4) US 10 in Detroit Lakes, involving both granular and nongranular soils. The report integrates comments from the four site visits and provides an interpretation on the use of IC at each site. As the technology now exists on the equipment used at these locations, IC provides only an index, which is specific to the conditions associated with a particular site. An interpretation of comments provided the basis for the following recommendations: Use light weight deflectometers (LWD) for quality assurance of stiffness; Establish a procedure to determine the target LWD value; Eliminate calibration areas (control strips); Simplify IC data evaluation and presentation; Calibrate the IC roller and related transducers; Support development of alternative IC methodologies; Simplify or eliminate moisture corrections.
This document summarizes the discussion and findings of a workshop on intelligent compaction for soils and hot-mix asphalt held in West Des Moines, Iowa, on April 2-4, 2008. The objective of the meeting was to provide a collaborative exchange of ideas for developing research initiatives that accelerate implementation of intelligent compaction (IC) technologies for soil, aggregates, and hot mix asphalt. Technical presentations, working breakout sessions, a panel discussion, and a group implementation strategy session comprised the workshop activities. About 100 attendees representing state departments of transportation, Federal Highway Administration, contractors, equipment manufacturers, and researchers participated in the workshop.
This document summarizes the discussion and findings of the 4th workshop held on October 27–28, 2015 in Frankfort, Kentucky as part of the Technology Transfer Intelligent Compaction Consortium (TTICC) Transportation Pooled Fund (TPF-5(233)) study. The TTICC project is led by the Iowa Department of Transportation (DOT) and partnered by the following state DOTs: California, Georgia, Iowa, Kentucky, Missouri, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Virginia, and Wisconsin. The workshop was hosted by the Kentucky Transportation Cabinet and was organized by the Center for Earthworks Engineering Research (CEER) at Iowa State University of Science and Technology. The objective of the workshop was to generate a focused discussion to identify the research, education, and implementation goals necessary for advancing intelligent compaction for earthworks and asphalt. The workshop consisted of a review of the TTICC goals, state DOT briefings on intelligent compaction implementation activities in their state, voting and brainstorming sessions on intelligent compaction road map research and implementation needs, and identification of action items for TTICC, industry, and Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) on each of the road map elements to help accelerate implementation of the technology. Twenty-three attendees representing the state DOTs participating in this pooled fund study, the FHWA, Iowa State University, University of Kentucky, and industry participated in this workshop.