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This book compiles all available and relevant information concerning the soils of Turkey, including the soil survey studies conducted by universities and governmental institutes from the early 1950s until today. Recent findings and advances include the description and analyses of new profiles from some parts of the country by the chapter authors; reflecting the latest version of the World Reference Base (WRB) soil system, they produce a refined soil map. The book offers valuable guidance on soil management for planners of agricultural strategies, land management experts concerned with terrestrial carbon management (soil-sequestered and biomass carbon) and climate change mitigation, and educators concerned with raising awareness for the long-neglected significance of Turkey’s soils.
Agriculture increasingly faces the challenge of balancing its multiple functions in a sustainable way. Integrated assessment and modelling (IAM) can provide insight into the potential impacts of policy changes. However, concepts to address the wide range of issues and functions typical for agriculture are still scarce. Environmental and Agricultural Modelling reviews and presents our current understanding of integrated and working tools to assess and compute, ex-ante, alternative agricultural and environmental policy options, allowing: 1. Analysis at the full range of scales (farm to European Union and global) whilst focusing on the most important issues emerging at each scale; 2. Analysis of the environmental, economic and social contributions of agricultural systems towards sustainable rural development and rural viability; 3. Analysis of a broad range of issues and agents of change, such as climate change, environmental policies, rural development options, effects of an enlarging EU, international competition, and effects on developing countries.
The term "Soil Security" is used in the context of maintaining the quality and quantity of soil needed in order to ensure continuous supplies of food and fresh water for our society. Topics in this unique book on the management of soil sustainability in the Mediterranean region include: soil information, land degradation, land desertification, pedoenvironments, and the carbon cycle and sequestration. One main focus of the book is the description of new approaches that have been adapted with regards to interdisciplinary soil ecosystem management to combat and mitigate desertification. The contributing authors are renowned experts in their fields which cover the subjects on traditional as well as innovative land use and management.
This booklet is written for European policy-makers and leaders from different sectors that can promote physical activity, including health, sports and recreation, transport, employment, urban planning, education and the mass media. It sets out the facts about health-enhancing physical activity, provides examples of action already being taken, highlights the contributions that can be made by health and other sectors and makes the case for concerted action across the WHO European Region.
This book informs about knowledge gain in soil and land degradation to reduce or prevent it for meeting the mission of the Sustainable Developments Goals of the United Nations. Essence, extent, monitoring methods and implications for ecosystem functioning of main soil degradation types are characterized in overview chapters and case studies. Challenges, approaches and data towards identification of degradation in the frame of improving functionality, health and multiple ecosystem services of soil are demonstrated in the studies of international expert teams. The book consists of five parts, containing 5–12 single chapters each and 36 in total. Parts are explaining (I) Concepts and Indicators, (II) Soil Erosion and Compaction, (III) Soil Contamination, (IV) Soil Carbon and Fertility Monitoring and (V) Soil Survey and Mapping of Degradation The primary audience of this book are scientists of different disciplines, decision-makers, farmers and further informed people dealing with sustainable management of soil and land.
This book presents the basic concepts of quantitative soil science and, within this framework, it seeks to construct a new body of knowledge. There is a growing need for quantitative approach in soil science, which arises from a general demand for improved economic production and environmental management. Pedometrics can be defined as the development and application of statistical and mathematical methods applicable to data analysis problems in soil science. This book shows how pedometrics can address key soil-related questions from a quantitative point of view. It addresses four main areas which are akin to the problems of conventional pedology: (i) Understanding the pattern of soil distribution in character space – soil classification, (ii) Understanding soil spatial and temporal variation, (iii) Evaluating the utility and quality of soil and ultimately, (iv) Understanding the genesis of soil. This is the first book that address these problems in a coherent quantitate approach.
Reliable and up-to-date soil information is fundamental to guide policies and decisions in the light of challenges facing food security, climate change adaptation and mitigation, further provision of ecosystem services and sustainable intensification of agriculture. This report reviews the present availability of soil information from legacy maps and reports, and from ongoing global Digital Soil Mapping efforts. It examines soil maps and soil profile databases at the global and national level, global datasets, regional and (inter)-continental soil information products, and the continental soil atlas. It also looks at the evolution of methods and tools for soil mapping, and reviews the requirements of soil information users through survey assessment. Currently, the soil science community is limited in its capacity to provide accurate and updated information to different soil users. This report concludes that there is an urgent need for traditional soil survey/mapping and DSM communities to join forces to fill this gap and meet users' expectations for soil information.
This book describes a wide range of soils, from the humid subtropical coast of the Black Sea to the frozen peaks of the High Caucasus with more than 5.000 meters above sea level and from extremely humid areas in the West to dry, semi-desert regions in the East, with an enormous variety of rock parent materials, a very accentuated hydrology and a topography, ranging from large plains, hilly regions to steep and strongly dissected slopes and gorges in the High and Lower Caucasus. There is no other country in the world the size of Georgia with such a variety of soil forming conditions and soils. Therefore, V V Dokuchaev, one of the founders of the genetic soil classification, called Georgia an "Open-Air Museum of Soils". The book is subdivided into 6 chapters. In Chapter 1, the physiography of Georgia and the factors of soil formation such as topography, geology, climate and vegetation are described, followed by Chapter 2, with the detailed description of 21 soil groups, their morphological, physical and chemical characteristics, their many different subtypes and variations, and their ecology, based on 72 tables, 25 figures and 20 photos. Moreover, the location of each soil and its surface in % of the total surface of Georgia are explained, including the history of their discovery and investigation together with the relevant literature. In Chapter 3, the overall ecological conditions, especially problems of soil erosion by water and wind and the soil contamination by heavy metals and radionuclides are described, followed by Chapter 4 with an explanation of the soil use, based on physical and chemical soil characteristics. Two further chapters with references and soil photos conclude the book, which is written by Professor Tengiz F Urushadze from the Agricultural University of Georgia in Tbilisi and Professor Winfried E H Blum from the University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU) in Vienna, Austria.