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This book addresses emerging issues in usability, interface design, human–computer interaction, user experience and assistive technology. It highlights research aimed at understanding human interactions with products, services and systems and focuses on finding effective approaches for improving the user experience. It also discusses key issues in designing and providing assistive devices and services for individuals with disabilities or impairment, offering them support with mobility, communication, positioning, environmental control and daily living. The book covers modeling as well as innovative design concepts, with a special emphasis on user-centered design, and design for specific populations, particularly the elderly. Further topics include virtual reality, digital environments, gaming, heuristic evaluation and forms of device interface feedback (e.g. visual and haptic). Based on the AHFE 2021 Conferences on Usability and User Experience, Human Factors and Wearable Technologies, Human Factors in Virtual Environments and Game Design, and Human Factors and Assistive Technology, held virtually on 25–29 July, 2021, from USA, this book provides academics and professionals with an extensive source of information and a timely guide to tools, applications and future challenges in these fields.
For the last century, the automotive industry has been dominated by internal combustion engines. Their flexibility of application, driving range, performance and sporty characteristics has resulted in several generations of this technology and has formed generations of engineers. But that is not the end of the story. Stricter legislation and increased environmental awareness have resulted in the development of new powertrain technologies in addition and parallel to the highly optimized internal combustion engine. Hybrid powertrains systems, pure battery electric systems and fuel cell systems, in conjunction with a diverse range of applications, have increased the spectrum of powertrain technologies. Furthermore, automated driving together with intelligent and highly connected systems are changing the way to get from A to B. Not only is the interaction of all these new technologies challenging, but also several different disciplines have to collaborate intensively in order for new powertrain systems to be successfully developed. These new technologies and the resulting challenges lead to an increase in system complexity. Approaches such as systems engineering are necessary to manage this complexity. To show how systems engineering manages the increasing complexity of modern powertrain systems, by providing processes, methods, organizational aspects and tools, this book has been structured into five parts. Starting with Challenges for Powertrain Development, which describes automotive-related challenges at different levels of the system hierarchy and from different point of views. The book then continues with the core part, Systems Engineering, in which all the basics of systems engineering, model-based systems engineering, and their related processes, methods, tools, and organizational matters are described. A special focus is placed on important standards and the human factor. The third part, Automotive Powertrain Systems Engineering Approach, puts the fundamentals of systems engineering into practice by adding the automotive context. This part focuses on system development and also considers the interactions to hardware and software development. Several approaches and methods are presented based on systems engineering philosophy. Part four, Powertrain Development Case Studies, adds the practical point of view by providing a range of case studies on powertrain system level and on powertrain element level and discusses the development of hybrid powertrain, internal combustion engines, e-drives, transmissions, batteries and fuel cell systems. Two case studies on a vehicle level are also presented. The final part, Outlook, considers the development of systems engineering itself with particular focus on information communication technologies. Even though this book covers systems engineering from an automotive perspective, many of the challenges, fundamental principles, conclusions and outlooks can be applied to other domains too. Therefore, this book is not only relevant for automotive engineers and students, but also for specialists in scientific and industrial positions in other domains and anyone who has to cope with the challenge of successfully developing complex systems with a large number of collaborating disciplines.
A detailed and thorough reference on the discipline and practice of systems engineering The objective of the International Council on Systems Engineering (INCOSE) Systems Engineering Handbook is to describe key process activities performed by systems engineers and other engineering professionals throughout the life cycle of a system. The book covers a wide range of fundamental system concepts that broaden the thinking of the systems engineering practitioner, such as system thinking, system science, life cycle management, specialty engineering, system of systems, and agile and iterative methods. This book also defines the discipline and practice of systems engineering for students and practicing professionals alike, providing an authoritative reference that is acknowledged worldwide. The latest edition of the INCOSE Systems Engineering Handbook: Is consistent with ISO/IEC/IEEE 15288:2015 Systems and software engineering—System life cycle processes and the Guide to the Systems Engineering Body of Knowledge (SEBoK) Has been updated to include the latest concepts of the INCOSE working groups Is the body of knowledge for the INCOSE Certification Process This book is ideal for any engineering professional who has an interest in or needs to apply systems engineering practices. This includes the experienced systems engineer who needs a convenient reference, a product engineer or engineer in another discipline who needs to perform systems engineering, a new systems engineer, or anyone interested in learning more about systems engineering.
Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE), which tackles architecting and design of complex systems through the use of formal models, is emerging as the most critical component of systems engineering. This textbook specifies the two leading conceptual modeling languages, OPM—the new ISO 19450, composed primarily by the author of this book, and OMG SysML. It provides essential insights into a domain-independent, discipline-crossing methodology of developing or researching complex systems of any conceivable kind and size. Combining theory with a host of industrial, biological, and daily life examples, the book explains principles and provides guidelines for architecting complex, multidisciplinary systems, making it an indispensable resource for systems architects and designers, engineers of any discipline, executives at all levels, project managers, IT professional, systems scientists, and engineering students.
This book constitutes the extended abstracts of the posters presented during the 22nd International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction, HCII 2020, which was held in July 2020. The conference was planned to take place in Copenhagen, Denmark, but had to change to a virtual conference mode due to the COVID-19 pandemic. From a total of 6326 submissions, a total of 1439 papers and 238 posters have been accepted for publication in the HCII 2020 proceedings before the conference took place. In addition, a total of 333 papers and 144 posters are included in the volumes of the proceedings published after the conference as “Late Breaking Work” (papers and posters). These contributions address the latest research and development efforts in the field and highlight the human aspects of design and use of computing systems. The 82 papers presented in this volume are organized in topical sections as follows: design for all and sssisitive technologies; virtual, augmented and mixed reality; learning; HCI, culture and art; health and wellbeing applications; HCI in mobility, automotive and aviation.
The three-volume set CCIS 1224, CCIS 1225, and CCIS 1226 contains the extended abstracts of the posters presented during the 21st International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction, HCII 2020, which took place in Copenhagen, Denmark, in July 2020.* HCII 2020 received a total of 6326 submissions, of which 1439 papers and 238 posters were accepted for publication in the pre-conference proceedings after a careful reviewing process. The 238 papers presented in these three volumes are organized in topical sections as follows: Part I: design and evaluation methods and tools; user characteristics, requirements and preferences; multimodal and natural interaction; recognizing human psychological states; user experience studies; human perception and cognition. -AI in HCI. Part II: virtual, augmented and mixed reality; virtual humans and motion modelling and tracking; learning technology. Part III: universal access, accessibility and design for the elderly; smartphones, social media and human behavior; interacting with cultural heritage; human-vehicle interaction; transport, safety and crisis management; security, privacy and trust; product and service design. *The conference was held virtually due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The chapter "“Developing an Interactive Tabletop Mediated Activity to Induce Collaboration by Implementing Design Considerations Based on Cooperative Learning Principles” is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.
System engineering (SE) using models (MBSE) is currently in vogue in the community of SE practitioners, whether they are analysts, architects, developers or testers. INCOSE has contributed greatly to the definition of a language for the community, henceforth standardized under ISO-19514: SysML. However, this language is not associated by default with any particular MBSE procedure. This is a major difficulty hampering its implementation. In order to overcome this difficulty, this book describes, in addition to the SysML notation, a generic approach based on the main principles of SE and relative standards, serving as the basis for a specific MBSE approach to be built. This is in order to respond to the specificities of the field of projects in which the practitioners evolve. In order to carry out the procedure in a pragmatic way, a simplified but realistic example serves as a guideline from the initial requirements to the validation of the system, putting into action the SysML modeling tool Cameo Systems Modeler by No Magic. - Based on a realistic example and simplified, yet still useful for professionals (no ATM or traffic lights) - Explores everything from requirements to validation to cover the classical V cycle - Utilizes a generic approach, fully suitable to SysML, to apply major system engineering principles and standards - Helps users learn to make their own model by transcribing their needs and taking advantage of the tool features, - Conserves time by using recommended workarounds to develop custom processes for this tool, before deploying successfully on real industrial projects
This book offers a guide to submarine design and construction, appealing to a diverse audience of professionals and enthusiasts alike. It covers essential principles and advanced technologies that shape modern submarine engineering, making it a valuable resource for emerging naval architects and marine engineers. The book dives deep into key elements like hull construction, propulsion systems, and the integration of advanced materials, ensuring a detailed understanding of the design process. For prospective military personnel and defence analysts, the book sheds light on the strategic importance of submarine design in naval operations, emphasizing stealth, endurance, and payload capabilities. Submarine technicians will also benefit from its technical explanations, which focus on operational systems, enabling more efficient maintenance and repairs. Students and academics in naval engineering and defence studies will find the book useful for both foundational learning and advanced research. It provides comprehensive coverage of engineering practices and historical innovations in submarine design, making it an ideal reference for coursework or academic study. Defence contractors and policy makers can leverage the book’s insights into the technical complexities of submarine construction, aiding in effective project management and procurement decisions. Furthermore, the book explores the environmental impact of submarines, offering a perspective useful for marine conservationists and environmental scientists interested in sustainable naval operations. This book serves as a holistic resource for anyone seeking a deeper understanding of the complexities and innovations shaping submarine technology today. Comprising over 700 references and 120 images/diagrams.
This handbook brings together diverse domains and technical competences of Model Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) into a single, comprehensive publication. It is intended for researchers, practitioners, and students/educators who require a wide-ranging and authoritative reference on MBSE with a multidisciplinary, global perspective. It is also meant for those who want to develop a sound understanding of the practice of systems engineering and MBSE, and/or who wish to teach both introductory and advanced graduate courses in systems engineering. It is specifically focused on individuals who want to understand what MBSE is, the deficiencies in current practice that MBSE overcomes, where and how it has been successfully applied, its benefits and payoffs, and how it is being deployed in different industries and across multiple applications. MBSE engineering practitioners and educators with expertise in different domains have contributed chapters that address various uses of MBSE and related technologies such as simulation and digital twin in the systems lifecycle. The introductory chapter reviews the current state of practice, discusses the genesis of MBSE and makes the business case. Subsequent chapters present the role of ontologies and meta-models in capturing system interdependencies, reasoning about system behavior with design and operational constraints; the use of formal modeling in system (model) verification and validation; ontology-enabled integration of systems and system-of-systems; digital twin-enabled model-based testing; system model design synthesis; model-based tradespace exploration; design for reuse; human-system integration; and role of simulation and Internet-of-Things (IoT) within MBSE.
This Open Access book presents the results of the "Collaborative Embedded Systems" (CrESt) project, aimed at adapting and complementing the methodology underlying modeling techniques developed to cope with the challenges of the dynamic structures of collaborative embedded systems (CESs) based on the SPES development methodology. In order to manage the high complexity of the individual systems and the dynamically formed interaction structures at runtime, advanced and powerful development methods are required that extend the current state of the art in the development of embedded systems and cyber-physical systems. The methodological contributions of the project support the effective and efficient development of CESs in dynamic and uncertain contexts, with special emphasis on the reliability and variability of individual systems and the creation of networks of such systems at runtime. The project was funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF), and the case studies are therefore selected from areas that are highly relevant for Germany’s economy (automotive, industrial production, power generation, and robotics). It also supports the digitalization of complex and transformable industrial plants in the context of the German government's "Industry 4.0" initiative, and the project results provide a solid foundation for implementing the German government's high-tech strategy "Innovations for Germany" in the coming years.