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This document proposes a menu of strategic approaches and options for reducing rural poverty in Latin America and the Caribbean, combining the Bank's own experiences and those of other organizations in designing options and instruments for use in programs carried out with the support of the Bank. The proposals made in this document are consistent with a number of strategic initiatives already drawn up or in preparation by the Bank, in particular those aimed at poverty reduction (IDB 1997), promotion of microenterprises (IDB 1996a), development of indigenous communities, rural finance (IDB 1998a), and sustainable agriculture (IDB 1998a). Thus, a number of the alternatives presented here are already being applied by the Bank in several of its activities. Depending on the needs of each country, one or more of the options discussed could be used to define a rural poverty reduction agenda on a case-by-case basis. The flexibility of these approaches makes it possible to apply them to specific problems at the national, regional and even municipal level.
This volume is concerned with integrated social and economic development in the Third World. It directs special attention to the psychological manipulation of peasants in order to keep them on the land and, where possible, make them more productive. In Part One, Henry Bernstein outlines and illustrates concepts for the analysis of contemporary peasantries. His introduction provides a general, historical framework for understanding the relationship of contemporary peasantries to "modernization." It is followed, in Parts Two and Three, by case studies of programs in Colombia (Rosemary E. Galli), Mexico (Hannes Lorenzen and Ernest Feder), Tanzania (Bruno Musti de Gennaro), and Bangladesh (Elizabeth Hartmann and James K. Boyce). In Part Four, Rosemary Galli offers a concluding essay on "Rural Development and the Contradiction of Capitalist Development." In this book, empirical evidence combines with personal experiences to cut through the rhetoric of those who consider "the underdeveloped nation" as an abstract unit. It reveals the variety of contemporary rural development strategies. From their synthesis emerges a picture of the internal political configuration of underdevelopment—the role of international capital and technology in rural areas and in assessment of the impact upon peasant farmers. This book persuasively argues that international agencies, supporting and supported by national governments and elites, promote development policies inimical to the welfare of rural cultivators.
Also published in Spanish.