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This report uses data on individual smart phones as well as industry data to identify which smartphone firms capture the most value. It finds that Apple captures most of the industry profits, thanks to its high prices, large profit margins and the volume of iPhone sales worldwide. Apple’s success is explained as a result of its ability to develop its own intellectual property (IP) and take advantage of IP created by suppliers through a strategy of selling only a few models at high prices compared to competitors.
The paper describes: a) the coffee industry and its GVC structure; b) the role that intangible assets play in value creation from both the supply and demand perspective; and c) the current and potential role of intellectual property tools in creating and retaining value, as well as providing economic upgrade options.
Today’s production processes are fragmented across countries and industries. Intangibles play an important role, but their measurement is elusive. This paper proposes a new empirical framework to measure factor incomes in production that spans industries and countries.
China dominates the global solar photovoltaic (PV) value chain, while 15 years ago the demand and supply were located in few Western economies. In this process, the PV industry has seen a booming demand, drastic price decreases along the supply chain, and fierce competition among surviving companies. This paper seeks to understand how this spatial shift has occurred and its drivers, with a specific focus on the role of intangible assets and intellectual property.
This compilation of 22 firm-specific case studies is an important contribution to the discussion of 'servicification' trends in manufacturing. 'Services have increased in importance and value in many manufacturing value chains, making companies that produce physical products look more like service enterprises. What services do global value chains use in their operations, how important are they and how do economic policies shape firms' configurations, operations, and location of global value chains? This book addresses these questions and more.The interviewed firms, based in 12 APEC economies, come from different sectors ranging from multinational automotive, construction equipment, and electrical appliance manufacturers to small and medium manufacturers of watches or chemical for water treatment. The book analyses what specific services are important in different stages of the value chain, and whether they are typically provided in-house or outsourced.
An accessible overview of political, economic, and strategic dimensions of global supply chains in a changing global political economy.
A radical shift is underway in global value chains as they increasingly move beyond traditional manufacturing processes to services and other intangible assets. Digitization is a leading factor in this transformation, which is being accelerated by the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. The Global Value Chain Development Report, the third of a biennial series, explores this shift beyond production. The report shows how the rise of services value chains offers a new path to development and how protectionism and geopolitical tensions, environmental risks, and pandemics are undermining the stability of global value chains and forcing their reorganization geographically. It is co-published by the WTO, the Asian Development Bank, the Research Institute for Global Value Chains at the University of International Business and Economics, the Institute of Developing Economies, and the China Development Research Foundation.
The World Intellectual Property Report 2017 examines the crucial role of intangibles such as technology, design and branding in international manufacturing. Macroeconomic analysis is complemented by case studies of the global value chains for three products – coffee, photovoltaic energy cells and smartphones – to give an insightful picture of the importance of intellectual property and other intangibles in modern production.
The Big Steal uncovers the unusual confluence of ideological views and business interests behind the dilution of legal protections for inventors and artists under U.S. patent and copyright law. Concurrent with the rise of the digital economy, policymakers significantly weakened legal protections against the unauthorized use of technological inventions and creative works. Through an evidence-based analysis informed by the economics and politics of digital markets, Jonathan Barnett shows that this policy shift has advantaged digital intermediaries at the expense of the innovators and artists that drive the knowledge economy
In today’s business world, firms and policymakers all utilize circular economy. However, there is a lack of knowledge on how circular economy systems work, which technologies are used, which partners firms should look for, which agreements are required to pursue circular economy, how circular economy interacts with legislation, and what benefits it provides. Additional study on the opportunities and challenges of circular economy is required to ensure business leaders are well informed. Cases on Circular Economy in Practice considers how circular economy systems are implemented and managed in practice, which strategic alliances firms pursue, and how they are coordinated through negotiation and agreements. The book also considers the technologies that circular economy systems use to achieve circularity and how performances are measured in terms of economic, social, and environmental pillars. Covering topics such as blockchain technology, smart cities, and circular business, this reference work is ideal for managers, business owners, industry professionals, researchers, academicians, scholars, practitioners, instructors, and students.