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Insurance regulation and competition for the 21st century : hearing before the Subcommittee on Capital Markets, Insurance, and Government Sponsored Enterprises of the Committee on Financial Services, U.S. House of Representatives, One Hundred Seventh Congress, second session, June 4, 11, 18, 2002.
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Unassuming but formidable, American maritime insurers used their position at the pinnacle of global trade to shape the new nation. The international information they gathered and the capital they generated enabled them to play central roles in state building and economic development. During the Revolution, they helped the U.S. negotiate foreign loans, sell state debts, and establish a single national bank. Afterward, they increased their influence by lending money to the federal government and to its citizens. Even as federal and state governments began to encroach on their domain, maritime insurers adapted, preserving their autonomy and authority through extensive involvement in the formation of commercial law. Leveraging their claims to unmatched expertise, they operated free from government interference while simultaneously embedding themselves into the nation's institutional fabric. By the early nineteenth century, insurers were no longer just risk assessors. They were nation builders and market makers. Deeply and imaginatively researched, Underwriters of the United States uses marine insurers to reveal a startlingly original story of risk, money, and power in the founding era.
For many years the American insurance industry, sometimes dubbed the nation's "invisible banker," has enjoyed virtual freedom from federal antitrust regulation and protection from competition with banks and savings and loan associations. State regulation has often proved meaningless. Now, however, as the valuable study makes clear, the complacencies of the past are quickly vanishing, to be replaced by a growing consumer demand for accountability. Such issues as bank deregulation and unisex insurance have forced insurance companies to rethink many of their traditional approaches in order to satisfy consumers and to survive in a harsh economy. In nontechnical language, Douglas Caddy offers an analysis of the major legislative and regulatory trends affecting the insurance industry. Government regulation, he points out, has steadily increased in many American industries, leading to claims that such agencies as the ICC, the CAB, and OSHA have seriously impaired competition and have penalized the consumer. In the end, according to this view, the watchdogs have merely served the groups they were designed to regulate. The growing challenge to government controls has deeply affected the insurance industry and promises to mold state and federal legislation concerning regulation. Issues already pending include changes in the tax code and reforms in rate regulation. Other reformers, as Caddy describes, urge insurance companies to provide consumers with simple disclosure statements detailing the contents of each policy. This book, aimed at insurance executives, lobbyists, and lawyers, but also of interest to concerned laymen, is an excellent introduction to the perplexities facing once of America's most powerful industries. It is sure to be a timely and comprehensive look at insurance in an era of consumerism.