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Innovations and Frontiers in Neonatology provides up-to-date information for clinicians and scientists interested in perinatal medicine. Neonatal transition, neonatal medicine from a global perspective, aspects of care including nutrition, respiratory and temperature management, resuscitation, family-centered approaches, and problems of the term newborn are covered as are complications and long-term consequences of preterm birth. Should we ventilate and how? What are the lifelong consequences of being born too small? How can we protect the neonatal brain? Can we actively influence the microbiome? Can we achieve individualized medicine with the help of metabolomics, for example? Are stem cells the miracle cure? These are just a few of the questions that world experts cover in this book while, at the same time, they take a look at the future of neonatal medicine.
This study has emerged from an ongoing program of trilateral cooperation between WHO, WTO and WIPO. It responds to an increasing demand, particularly in developing countries, for strengthened capacity for informed policy-making in areas of intersection between health, trade and IP, focusing on access to and innovation of medicines and other medical technologies.
The mechanisms underlying acute and chronic lung diseases are complex, reflecting the interplay between multiple cell types, their microenvironment and exogenous challenges. While traditional in vitro cell culture approaches have been instrumental in advancing our knowledge of cellular signalling and function, they typically lack the cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions that define the niche in which lung cell and tissue functions emerge. Implementing in vivo and ex vivo three-dimensional (3D) models more realistically mimicking the in vivo cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) crosstalk should facilitate a considerable leap towards better understanding lung diseases and thus in investigating new pharmacological tools. We are experiencing a revolution in our understanding of the cell types that deposit and remodel ECM in the lung, the dynamic spatial composition of the ECM and cell-cell interactions during disease, and the influence of ECM and cell-derived cues on lung cell biology. In concert, the ex vivo and in vitro models that are being used to examine the role of the 3D microenvironment of the cell in the lung are rapidly developing. The European Respiratory Society has partnered with Frontiers in Pharmacology to launch this research topic in conjunction with the ERS Research Seminar “Innovative 3D models for understanding mechanisms underlying lung diseases: powerful tools for translational research”.
Water-filtered infrared A irradiation (wIRA) is a special application of infrared A irradiation. Its preferential induction of thermal, but also nonthermal, effects which have a high tissue penetration and low heat load to the skin surface makes wIRA a promising therapeutic method. Since its introduction in 1989, wIRA has been applied experimentally and clinically to human and animal patients to treat and improve an impressive variety of disease entities. This book summarizes recent developments by presenting a wide range of up-to-date clinical applications and offers an excellent overview on the topic, which will be of relevance to readers from clinical disciplines and basic researchers alike. The book is organized into two main fields: "Principles" and "Clinical Practice". "Clinical Practice" is the most substantial field being divided into parts on application of wIRA in oncology, psychiatry, neonatology, dermatology, rheumatology, and infectiology. "Principles" summarizes the historic development of wIRA, focusing on the physical basics, body's reaction to hyperthermia, thermography, and thermometry, and recommends clear terminology when applying wIRA.
This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact.
In this edition of Frontiers in Pediatrics, authors will discuss a wide-variety of pediatric diseases which often lead to severe Illnesses and hospitalizations for children in low-resource settings including certain populations in high-income countries such as Native Americans/Alaskan Natives, refugees, and immigrants. We will focus on the current management in those settings including recent updates, looking at adaptations of care when appropriate. We will attempt to discuss the most common diseases seen in the majority world where at least 80-90% of pediatric deaths occur.
"Sarah DiGregorio delves deeply into the fraught world of premature birth. With bracing honesty, she recounts her own story and the stories of other women who draw on the power of love and meld it with cutting-edge science, as they struggle to save the lives of their newborns. This book opens our minds and hearts to a world that is rarely seen with such clarity."--Jerome Groopman, MD, Recanati Professor at Harvard Medical School and author of The Anatomy of Hope The Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) is a place made of stories--where humanity, ethics, and science collide in dramatic and deeply personal ways, as parents, physicians, and nurses grapple with sometimes unanswerable questions raised by premature birth. When does life begin? When and how should life end? And what does it mean to be human? For the first time, journalist Sarah DiGregorio explores the fascinating evolution of neonatology and its significant breakthroughs--modern medicine can now save infants at five and a half months gestation who weigh less than a pound, when only fifty years ago there were few effective treatments for premature babies. Weaving her own story and those of other parents and NICU clinicians with in-depth reporting, DiGregorio examines the history and future of one of the most boundary-pushing medical disciplines: how the first American NICU was set up as a sideshow on the Coney Island boardwalk; how modern advancements have allowed viability to be pushed to a mere twenty-two weeks; the political, cultural, and ethical issues that continue to arise in the face of dramatic scientific developments; and the clinicians at the front lines who are moving to new frontiers. Eye-opening and vital, Early uses premature birth as a window into our own humanity.
50 Studies Every Neonatologist Should Know presents a selection of seminal trials in neonatology, including both cornerstones of practice and frontiers in trial design. The included trials cover a broad range of care topics in neonatology, as well as important learning points in a number of dimensions. The text explores each trial in a dedicated chapter, with a concise summary of methods and results, accompanied by a brief discussion of special considerations, including risks of bias, interpretation, and implications for practice. Additionally, there is a short interview with the trialist (or an editorial commentary) at the end of each chapter, to give a flavor of the ongoing conversation after trial publication. As with all books in the "50 Studies" series, each study was selected using an objective selection criterion that included citations per year, high levels of evidence, clinical studies and trials, and a 3-stage Delphi review by international experts in the field. It is a must-read for neonatologists, trainees, or anyone involved in neonatal care or trial design.