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In chemical propulsion, the use of metallic fuel constituents burning to particulate refractory oxides in rocket engines has forced attention to the understanding of two-phase nozzle expansion processes. In this study light from a helium-neon laser was reflected both from a fixed target and from moving particles. A lens concentrated the laser light and the light back-scattered from the particles was picked up by the same lens and directed into a Fabry-Perot scanning plate interferometer. The interferometer limited observation at any moment to those particles whose Doppler shifted frequency coincided with the interferometer transmission frequency. The light from the fixed target provided a frequency reference system, and calibrated movement of the interferometer mirror spacing provided continuous examination of velocity. Data in the form of lightscattering and number count vs velocity has been obtained for water droplets in subsonic flow, for aluminum spheres and alumina abrasive in cold supersonic flow and for aluminum and magnesium oxide in hot supersonic flow. Number count-velocity data was found to be a complicated function of particle size distribution and vector velocity distribution as well as instrument characteristics.
Providing the first comprehensive treatment, this book covers all aspects of the laser Doppler and phase Doppler measurement techniques, including light scattering from small particles, fundamental optics, system design, signal and data processing, tracer particle generation, and applications in single and two-phase flows. The book is intended as both a reference book for more experienced users as well as an instructional book for students. It provides ample material as a basis for a lecture course on the subject and represents one of the most comprehensive treatments of the phase Doppler technique to date. The book will serve as a valuable reference book in any fluid mechanics laboratory where the laser Doppler or phase Doppler techniques are used. This work reflects the authors' long practical experience in the development of the techniques and equipment, as the many examples confirm.
In this report, the development of a prototype instrument to measure the velocity of particles in the exhaust of a solid rocket motor is described. The measurement technique is based upon the doppler-shifted scattering of a focused laser beam by the particle matter in a flow. The absolute value of frequency is converted into velocity information by a Fabry Perot interferometer, photomultiplier, electronic signal processing circuits and a suitable recording device. The recorded data is in the form of signal number count rate and maximum signal amplitude as a function of velocity at a specific point in the flow. This volume describes the development of the prototype instrument. (Author).