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Solutions of ethylene glycol are being considered as beat-transfer media for radiators in manned space capsules. This report was prepared to summarize the available corrosion data on uninhibited and inhibited ethylene glycol solutions. Much of the corrosion data are based on automotive and diesel engine coolant systems. Several factors considered are: time dependence, effect of pH, concentration, temperature, aeration, chloride ion, velocity, heat- transfer rate, and galvanic couples. Inhibitors for which corrosion data are presented include: borax, sodium benzoate, sodium nitrite, triethanolamine, Sodium mercaptobenzothiazole, soluble oil, chromates, as well as miscellaneous inhibitors. A number of patented inhibitors based on borax are discussed. Descriptions of test procedures including automobile service tests are presented.
Heterocyclic Organic Corrosion Inhibitors: Principles and Applications aims to comprehend the synthesis and application of organic heterocyclic compounds as corrosion inhibitors in various corrosive environments. Considering the high importance of corrosion inhibitor development for different industries, the book provides the fundamentals and most recent advancements in this field. The book is an indispensable reference tool for industrialists and academicians working in the field of corrosion protection. - Provides a systematic overview of fundamentals and current advancements - Acts as a primary reference for beginner researchers in this arena - Presents a handy reference tool to different chemical industries - Covers fundamentals, industrial applications and most recent advancements in this area
Handbook of Science and Engineering of Green Corrosion Inhibitors: Modern Theory, Fundamentals and Practical Applications presents developments in green corrosion inhibitors and current applications. The book provides an overview of green corrosion inhibitors such as plant extracts, chemical medicines, natural polymers, synthetic green compounds, carbohydrates, amino acids and oleochemicals that can cost-effectively minimize corrosive damage. The book handles several compounds used as anticorrosive materials for different metals and alloys in a versatile corrosive environment. Sections address the fundamental characteristics of green corrosion inhibition and deal with the economic impact of corrosion and forms of corrosion, while also assessing and classifying corrosion inhibitors. The book covers a broad range of applications in green corrosion inhibition and concludes with new emerging trends in corrosion protection such as high temperature corrosion and its protection and nanomaterials as corrosion inhibitors. - Provides an overview of environmentally sustainable (green) corrosion inhibitors utilized in modern industrial platforms - Evaluates corrosion inhibitors as prime options for sustainable and transformational opportunities - Serves as a valuable reference for scientists and engineers who are searching modern design for corrosion inhibitors - Covers both synthetic and natural environmentally-friendly corrosion inhibitors
A book to cover developments in corrosion inhibitors is long overdue. This has been addressed by Dr Sastri in a book which presents fundamental aspects of corrosion inhibition, historical developments and the industrial applications of inhibitors. The book deals with the electrochemical principles and chemical aspects of corrosion inhibition, such as stability of metal complexes, the Hammett equation, hard and soft acid and base principle, quantum chemical aspects and Hansch' s model and also with the various surface analysis techniques, e.g. XPS, Auger, SIMS and Raman spectroscopy, that are used in industry for corrosion inhibition. The applications of corrosion inhibition are wide ranging. Examples given in this book include: oil and gas wells, petrochemical plants, steel reinforced cement, water cooling systems, and many more. The final chapters discuss economic and environmental considerations which are now of prime importance. The book is written for researchers in academia and industry, practicing corrosion engineers and students of materials science, engineering and applied chemistry.
Water, which plays an important role in every aspect of our daily lives, is the most valuable natural resource we have on this planet. Drinking, bathing, cooking, regeneration, cleaning, production, energy, and many other uses of water originate from some of its versatile, useful, basic, and unique features. The access, purification, and reuse of water on our planet, which is of course not endless and not available for direct use, is directly related to the water chemistry that explores its inimitable properties. This book includes research on water chemistry-related applications in environmental management and sustainable environmental issues such as water and wastewater treatment, water quality management, and other similar topics. The book consists of three sections, namely, water treatment, wastewater treatment, and water splitting, respectively, and includes 11 chapters. In these chapters, water-wastewater remediation methods, nanomaterials in water treatment, and water splitting processes are comprehensively reviewed in terms of water chemistry.The editors would like to record their sincere thanks to the authors for their contributions.
The petroleum and chemical industries contain a wide variety of corrosive environments, many of which are unique to these industries. Oil and gas production operations consume a tremendous amount of iron and steel pipe, tubing, pumps, valves, and sucker rods. Metallic corrosion is costly. However, the cost of corrosion is not just financial. Beyond the huge direct outlay of funds to repair or replace corroded structures are the indirect costs – natural resources, potential hazards, and lost opportunity. Wasting natural resources is a direct contradiction to the growing need for sustainable development. By selecting the correct material and applying proper corrosion protection methods, these costs can be reduced, or even eliminated. This book provides a minimum design requirement for consideration when designing systems in order to prevent or control corrosion damage safely and economically, and addresses: • Corrosion problems in petroleum and chemical industries • Requirements for corrosion control • Chemical control of corrosive environments • Corrosion inhibitors in refineries and petrochemical plants • Materials selection and service life of materials • Surface preparation, protection and maintainability • Corrosion monitoring - plant inspection techniques and laboratory corrosion testing techniques Intended for engineers and industry personnel working in the petroleum and chemical industries, this book is also a valuable resource for research and development teams, safety engineers, corrosion specialists and researchers in chemical engineering, engineering and materials science.
The collection of twenty-seven papers published has been grouped into six major categories : corrosion process characterization and modeling, applications of Kramers-Kronig transformations for evaluating the validity of data, corrosion and its inhibition by either corrosion products of specially added inhibitors, corrosion of aluminum and aluminum alloys, corrosion of steel in soils and concrete, and evaluation of coatings on metal substrates.
Corrosion inhibitors are an important method for minimizing corrosion; however traditional inhibitors such as chromates pose environmental problems. Rare earth metals provide an important, environmentally-friendly alternative. This book provides a comprehensive review of current research and examines how rare earth metals can be used to prevent corrosion and applied to protect metals in such industries as aerospace and construction. Chapter 1 begins by examining the important need to replace chromate, and then goes on to discuss the chemistry of the rare earth metals and their related compounds. Chapter 2 considers the techniques that can be used to identify corrosion inhibition mechanisms and to test the levels of protection offered to different metals by rare earth compounds. Subsequent chapters consider in more detail how rare earth elements can be used as corrosion inhibitors in different forms and for different metals. This includes discussion on the potential of rare earth elements for self-healing, tunable and multifunctional coatings. Finally, chapter 10 considers the cost and availability of the rare earths and the potential health and environmental risks associated with extracting them. - Provides a review of current research and examines how rare earth metals can be used to prevent corrosion and applied to protect metals in such industries as aerospace and construction - Includes discussion on the potential of rare earth elements for self-healing, tunable and multifunctional coatings - Considers the cost and availability of the rare earths and the potential health and environmental risks associated with extracting them