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The newspaper columnist Carmen de Burgos Seguí caused a sensation in 1903 when she called for a public discussion on divorce, then illegal in Spain. The fierce debate that ensued among Spain's leading thinkers--politicians, academics, feminists, journalists, and others--is collected in El divorcio en España. This milestone volume ultimately contributed to Spain's legalizing divorce in the 1930s--a victory for women's rights that was subsequently rolled back by the Franco dictatorship and not regained for over fifty years. The opinions showcased here illuminate the uniqueness of feminism in early-twentieth-century Spain: because ideas about marriage and the role of women in society were anchored in Catholic teachings, feminist arguments focused on rights to education, divorce, and employment instead of on suffrage.
From stories about Los Angeles freeways to slave narratives to science fiction, environmental literature encompasses more than nature writing. The study of environmental narrative has flourished since the MLA published Teaching Environmental Literature in 1985. Today, writers evince a self-consciousness about writing in the genre, teachers have incorporated field study into courses, technology has opened up classroom possibilities, and institutions have developed to support study of this vital body of writing. The challenge for instructors is to identify core texts while maintaining the field's dynamic, open qualities. The essays in this volume focus on North American environmental writing, presenting teachers with background on environmental justice issues, ecocriticism, and ecofeminism. Contributors consider the various disciplines that have shaped the field, including African American, American Indian, Canadian, and Chicana/o literature. The interdisciplinary approaches recommended treat the theme of predators in literature, ecology and ethics, conservation, and film. A focus on place-based literature explores how students can physically engage with the environment as they study literature. The volume closes with an annotated resource guide organized by subject matter.
Breve historia de la moda femenina y su papel en la sociedad a lo largo de los siglos. El inicio del movimiento por la igualdad de género y su relación con la moda. La moda femenina es mucho más que ropa y complementos; A lo largo de la historia, ha sido una poderosa herramienta de expresión, afirmación de la identidad y reflejo de los valores sociales de cada época. Desde la antigüedad, las mujeres han utilizado la moda como forma de comunicación no verbal, transmitiendo mensajes sobre su posición social, estatus e incluso sus aspiraciones. En este capítulo, exploraremos brevemente la historia de la moda femenina y cómo se entrelaza con la búsqueda de la igualdad de género. La historia de la moda femenina se remonta a los inicios de la humanidad, donde los primeros signos de decoraciones y adornos ya demostraban una preocupación por la apariencia y la diferenciación de roles sociales entre hombres y mujeres. A medida que las civilizaciones progresaron, la ropa de las mujeres se volvió cada vez más compleja y diversa, reflejando las creencias, valores y jerarquías de las sociedades en las que vivían estas mujeres. En la Edad Media, por ejemplo, la moda femenina estaba fuertemente influenciada por la religión y las expectativas sociales de la época. La ropa de las mujeres era a menudo exuberante, con corsés ajustados y faldas voluminosas, simbolizando su posición como adorno social. Sin embargo, esta opulencia también fue una restricción, ya que la moda imponía limitaciones a la movilidad y comodidad de las mujeres. Con el surgimiento de la Ilustración en el siglo XVIII y el inicio de la Revolución Industrial, la moda femenina sufrió cambios significativos. El énfasis en la razón y el progreso social condujo a una mayor demanda de ropa práctica y funcional. El llamado "disfraz de Amazon" ganó popularidad y representa una ruptura con los vestidos excesivamente ornamentados del pasado. Este período también vio el comienzo de los movimientos sufragistas, que buscaban el derecho de las mujeres al voto y la igualdad de derechos civiles. En el siglo XX, la moda femenina vivió una auténtica revolución. Las dos Guerras Mundiales tuvieron un profundo impacto en la forma de vestir de las mujeres, ya que muchas asumieron roles tradicionalmente masculinos mientras los hombres estaban en el frente. Esto culminó con el surgimiento del movimiento feminista en las décadas de 1960 y 1970, que desafió las normas de género y buscó la igualdad en muchos aspectos de la vida, incluida la moda. En este contexto, la moda se convirtió en una forma de protesta y expresión política para muchas mujeres. El uso de pantalones por parte de las mujeres, por ejemplo, se consideró inicialmente una afrenta a las normas sociales, pero pronto se convirtió en un símbolo del empoderamiento femenino y la lucha por la igualdad de género. Desde entonces, la moda femenina ha sido una plataforma para expresar la diversidad y complejidad de las identidades femeninas. Marcas y diseñadores se han involucrado en campañas que promueven la inclusión, la diversidad y la ruptura de estereotipos de género. El movimiento por la igualdad de género ha impulsado la creación de ropa y accesorios que trascienden las normas tradicionales y permiten a las mujeres sentirse cómodas y seguras de sí mismas. Así, la moda femenina ha evolucionado como un espejo de la sociedad, reflejando sus transformaciones, luchas y logros. El movimiento por la igualdad de género y la moda están intrínsecamente vinculados y ambos buscan deconstruir estándares rígidos y abrir espacios para la libertad, la autonomía y el empoderamiento de las mujeres . A lo largo de este libro electrónico , exploraremos cómo la moda femenina y el movimiento por la igualdad de género se influyen mutuamente, dando forma y redefiniendo nuestra percepción de la feminidad, el empoderamiento y la igualdad. Aprenda mucho más...
Georges Ngal's pathbreaking satire Giambatista Viko explores the vexed relations between metropolitan centers and peripheral former colonies through its titular antihero, an African professor at an African studies institute divided between European-focused cosmopolitans and Africanists. Struggling to write the great African novel and subject to abuse, Viko realizes he can no longer separate the African and the European parts of his multilayered, African francophone culture. Viko's fate is a warning about the perils of artistic creation in a world where power is not shared. Part of the wave of African novels of the 1960s and 1970s that grappled with the disenchantments of decolonization, Giambatista Viko can be read at once as a Congolese novel, a francophone novel, and a work of world literature.
A revealing exploration of Spain's significant impact on American painting in the 19th and early 20th century
Through literary works and public appearances, Edith Bruck, born 1932 in Hungary, has devoted her life to bearing witness to what she experienced in the Nazi concentration camps. In 1954 she settled in Rome and is today the most prolific writer of Holocaust narrative in Italian. The book is composed in two parts. "Lettera alla madre"—an imaginary dialogue between Bruck and her mother, who died in Auschwitz—probes the question of self-identity, the pain of loss and displacement, the power of language to help recover the past, and the ultimate impossibility of that recovery. "Tracce," a story of a journey without return, completes the diptych. Bruck's experimental fusion of memoir and fiction portrays the Holocaust from a female perspective and highlights the role of gender in the creation of memory.
A New History of Iberian Feminisms is both a chronological history and an analytical discussion of feminist thought in the Iberian Peninsula, including Portugal, and the territories of Spain – the Basque Provinces, Catalonia, and Galicia – from the eighteenth century to the present day. The Iberian Peninsula encompasses a dynamic and fraught history of feminism that had to contend with entrenched tradition and a dominant Catholic Church. Editors Silvia Bermúdez and Roberta Johnson and their contributors reveal the long and historical struggles of women living within various parts of the Iberian Peninsula to achieve full citizenship. A New History of Iberian Feminisms comprises a great deal of new scholarship, including nineteenth-century essays written by women on the topic of equality. By addressing these lost texts of feminist thought, Bermúdez, Johnson, and their contributors reveal that female equality, considered a dormant topic in the early nineteenth century, was very much part of the political conversation, and helped to launch the new feminist wave in the second half of the century.
The author of Comentarios reales and La Florida del Inca, now recognized as key foundational works of Latin American literature and historiography, Inca Garcilaso de la Vega was born in 1539 in Cuzco, the son of a Spanish conquistador and an Incan princess, and later moved to Spain. Recalling the family stories and myths he had heard from his Quechua-speaking relatives during his youth and gathering information from friends who had remained in Peru, he created works that have come to indelibly shape our understanding of Incan history and administration. He also articulated a new American identity, which he called mestizo. This volume provides guidance on the translations of Garcilaso's writings and on the scholarly reception of his ideas. Instructors will discover ideas for teaching Garcilaso's works in relation to indigenous thought, European historiography, natural history, indigenous religion and Christianity, and Incan material culture. In essays informed by postcolonial and decolonial perspectives, scholars draw connections between Garcilaso's writings and contemporary issues like migration, multiculturalism, and indigenous rights.
Intended for current and future foreign language teaching professionals, volumes in the Theory and Practice in Second Language Classroom Instruction series examine issues in teaching and learning in language classrooms. The topics selected and the discussions of them draw in principled ways on theory and practice in a range of fields, including second language acquisition, foreign language education, educational policy, language policy, linguistics, and other areas of applied linguistics. Teaching Literature in the Languages delves into the various aspects of teaching literature successfully from planning to engaging students.
Winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature in 2006, Orhan Pamuk is Turkey's preeminent novelist and an internationally recognized figure of letters. Influenced by both Turkish and European literature, his works interrogate problems of modernity and of East and West in the Turkish context and incorporate the Ottoman legacy linguistically and thematically. The stylistic and thematic aspects of his novels, his intriguing use of intertextual elements, and his characters' metatextual commentaries make his work rewarding in courses on world literature and on the postmodern novel. Pamuk's nonfiction writings extend his themes of memory, loss, personal and political histories, and the craft of the novel. Part 1, "Materials," provides biographical background and introduces instructors to translations and critical scholarship that will elucidate Pamuk's works. In part 2, "Approaches," essays cover topics that support teachers in a range of classrooms, including Pamuk's use of the Turkish language, the political background to Pamuk's novels, the politics of translation and aesthetics, and Pamuk's works as world literature.