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Creeping bentgrass is considered the premier turfgrass species grown on golf courses, and there is a growing demand for an understanding of its maintenance and management practices. Still the only comprehensive reference on the subject, Creeping Bentgrass Management, Second Edition helps you identify the factors that contribute to summer bentgrass decline and guides you in selecting the best approaches for stress and pest management. This full-color book delves into all aspects of modern approaches to creeping bentgrass management on golf courses. It describes the nature of mechanical, physiological, and environmental stresses and how they influence growth and management of creeping bentgrass. The book covers the selection of creeping bentgrass cultivars; cultural practices, including mowing, irrigation, and topdressing; the deleterious effects of organic and inorganic layers in golf greens; and ways to limit injury due to mechanical or physical stresses. It also discusses recent advances in the management of selected diseases and soil-related maladies of creeping bentgrass—from Pythium-incited root dysfunction to dollar spot, yellow tuft, and blue-green algae. The focus is on common disease symptoms, predisposing conditions, hosts, and cultural and chemical management strategies. Advances in biological disease control are also reviewed. The book offers practical guidance in selecting and using fungicides, herbicides, and plant growth regulators. It also discusses the use of non-selective herbicides and fumigants for the renovation of creeping bentgrass and outlines strategies for dealing with selected invertebrate pests. Throughout, color photographs help you identify diseases and stresses that may be affecting your own golf course. Fully revised and updated, this second edition of a bestseller features three new chapters, new photographs, and expanded information about diseases. Drawing on the author’s more than thirty years of experience and research, it brings together a wealth of information on how to optimize creeping bentgrass health and performance. What’s New in This Edition Three new chapters, covering the nature of fungicides, abiotic maladies, and selected invertebrate pests An expanded section on disease—double the length of the first edition Updated chapters that reflect the latest developments in creeping bentgrass management More extensive discussion of annual bluegrass problems and their management More than 100 new photos Tips from Dr. Dernoeden Watch these videos to get Dr. Dernoeden’s tips on how to control dollar spot disease and crabgrass and how to identify fairy ring.
Creeping Bentgrass Management presents a difficult management problem throughout the summer season. This complex dilemma is related to numerous and often interrelated factors such as: extreme air and soil temperatures, drought or excessively wet soils, dense thatch or organic mats, mechanical and other physical stresses, improper management practices, the misuse of chemicals, and other physical stresses. The goal of this useful manual--complete with helpful color photographs--is to give golf course superintendents practical tools to better understand the many stress factors that contribute to the creeping bentgrass decline complex. It will help you pinpoint problems, and implement cultural and chemical solutions to maintain the integrity of your course.
Winterkill of turfgrasses on golf course putting greens is highly unpredictable and problematic for superintendents in northern climates, specifically in the Northeastern United States. Harsh winters in the 2013-14 and 2014-15 seasons left many superintendents facing the difficult challenge of trying to recover from turf loss at a time coinciding with the opening of golf courses for play. Creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.; CBG) putting greens are commonly infested with annual bluegrass (Poa annua L.; ABG). Annual bluegrass is known to be an aggressive weed and a species that is difficult to eradicate. Over time, ABG can become the dominant and preferred species to maintain on putting greens. This dominance of ABG in cold climates can become problematic due to the susceptibility of the species to temperature extremes when compared to CBG. In the event of winterkill, superintendents may discover turf loss in sporadic voids or possibly the loss of entire ABG putting greens after snow melt that occurs. If winterkill occurs, re-establishment of the putting surface via CBG seed or sod may be required. Seeding is often the preferred method of recovery, but temperatures in the early spring generally are considered suboptimal for germination. Limited information is available on the influence of suboptimal temperatures on bentgrass germination. The evaluation of CBG cultivar performance (e.g., germination) at low temperatures would be valuable to superintendents seeding in early spring. Additionally, information on effective methods of cultivation, nitrogen (N) fertilization, and seeding rates could optimize establishment of CBG and reduce losses of golf course revenue due to course closure. The objectives of this study were to: 1) determine the impact of suboptimal temperatures on bentgrass cultivar germination; and 2) elucidate the influence of cultivation methods, starter fertilizer rate, and seeding rate on the establishment of CBG. Differences in germination among cultivars were observed when seed was incubated at 10C. Samples of Pure Select, Greentime, Crystal BlueLinks, and Penn A-4 had the highest germination at 10C when incubated in the presence or absence of light. Mackenzie, PLS, Tyee, and Villa exhibited the lowest germination at 10C. Germinability at low temperatures should be considered as a factor in cultivar selection for early spring seeding at suboptimal temperatures.Field experiments indicated that seeding at a rate of 73 kg seed ha-1 and fertilizing at a rate of 73 kg N ha-1 increases seedling vigor and percent ground cover compared to lower seeding and N rates. Slicing was an effective method of cultivation. Putting greens cultivated by slicing alone, slicing + 13-mm hollow tine aeration, and slicing + 6-mm hollow tine aeration generally showed similar seedling vigor and percent cover, indicating that superintendents could use slicing alone to save money and time on hollow tine aeration. These cultivation practices, combined with careful cultivar selection, can optimize early spring seeding and may result in quicker recovery where winterkill occurs.
Creeping bentgrass is considered the premier turfgrass species grown on golf courses, and there is a growing demand for an understanding of its maintenance and management practices. Still the only comprehensive reference on the subject, Creeping Bentgrass Management, Second Edition helps you identify the factors that contribute to summer bentgrass decline and guides you in selecting the best approaches for stress and pest management. This full-color book delves into all aspects of modern approaches to creeping bentgrass management on golf courses. It describes the nature of mechanical, physiological, and environmental stresses and how they influence growth and management of creeping bentgrass. The book covers the selection of creeping bentgrass cultivars; cultural practices, including mowing, irrigation, and topdressing; the deleterious effects of organic and inorganic layers in golf greens; and ways to limit injury due to mechanical or physical stresses. It also discusses recent advances in the management of selected diseases and soil-related maladies of creeping bentgrass�from Pythium-incited root dysfunction to dollar spot, yellow tuft, and blue-green algae. The focus is on common disease symptoms, predisposing conditions, hosts, and cultural and chemical management strategies. Advances in biological disease control are also reviewed. The book offers practical guidance in selecting and using fungicides, herbicides, and plant growth regulators. It also discusses the use of non-selective herbicides and fumigants for the renovation of creeping bentgrass and outlines strategies for dealing with selected invertebrate pests. Throughout, color photographs help you identify diseases and stresses that may be affecting your own golf course. Fully revised and updated, this second edition of a bestseller features three new chapters, new photographs, and expanded information about diseases. Drawing on the author�s more than thirty years of experience and research, it brings together a wealth of information on how to optimize creeping bentgrass health and performance. What�s New in This Edition Three new chapters, covering the nature of fungicides, abiotic maladies, and selected invertebrate pests An expanded section on disease�double the length of the first edition Updated chapters that reflect the latest developments in creeping bentgrass management More extensive discussion of annual bluegrass problems and their management More than 100 new photos Tips from Dr. Dernoeden Watch these videos to get Dr. Dernoeden�s tips on how to control dollar spot disease and crabgrass and how to identify fairy ring.
Anthracnose (Colletotrichum cereale Manns sensu lato Crouch, Clarke, and Hillman) has become a devastating disease of annual bluegrass [Poa annua L. f. reptans (Hausskn) T. Koyama] putting green turf over the past 15 years. Factors responsible for the increased incidence and severity of anthracnose epiphytotics are not well understood, although speculation has focused on the influence of cultural practices on this disease. Six field trials were conducted from 2003 to 2007 to evaluate effects of cultural practices on anthracnose severity of annual bluegrass putting green turf in factorial arrangements. Nitrogen fertilization, mowing height and topdressing practices provided the most consistent and greatest influence on disease. Nitrogen applied from May through September at 4.9 kg ha-1 every 7 d reduced anthracnose severity 5 to 24% compared to the same rate applied every 28 d. Mowing at 3.6 mm reduced disease 3 to 21% compared to 2.8 mm, while 3.2 mm had intermediate disease severity. Mowing frequency (7 vs. 14 times wk-1) had little effect on anthracnose. Sand topdressing applied every 7 d at 0.3 L m-2 and 14 d at 0.6 L m-2 reduced anthracnose severity compared to no topdressing or similar rates applied less often, although greater rates applied less often (i.e., 21 d at 1.2 Lm-2) provided comparable results. Topdressing with sub-angular sand occasionally reduced anthracnose more than rounded sand. Lightweight rolling every other day reduced disease severity 5 to 6% under moderate disease pressure. The plant growth regulators trinexapac-ethyl, mefluidide and ethephon had inconsistent effects on anthracnose severity; however these materials typically did not increase disease and in some cases reduced it. For example, the combination of 7 d N fertilization, mefluidide and trinexapac-ethyl application occasionally reduced disease more than each factor alone. Also, trinexapac-ethyl applied at shorter intervals (7 vs. 14 d) and increased rate (0.08 vs. 0.05 kg a.i. ha-1) reduced anthracnose when disease severity was high. Cultural practices that may wound turf (e.g., verticutting and brushing) had little effect on anthracnose. These results provide the foundation for the development of best management practices to minimize anthracnose severity of annual bluegrass putting green turf.