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This book is a snapshot of the complex and controversial issues in Canadian health policy that have been addressed in the mainstream media, including commentaries on our aging population, the sustainability of the healthcare system, the social determinants of health, essays on pharmaceutical policy, obesity, mental health and more. It is a compilation of op-eds published in Canadian newspapers from 2014, authored by experts affiliated with the non-partisan, EvidenceNetwork.ca. It is the third volume in the series of free ebooks, which also includes: Canadian Health Policy in the News (2013) and Making Evidence Matter in Canadian Health Policy (2014) — all made available for free so that they may be read and used widely in educational settings. Essays in the volume are timely, balanced, free from partisan influence and put evidence at the forefront.
Inequalities are central to the public debate and social science research. They are inextricably linked to geographical space, shaping human mobility and migration patterns, creating diverse living environments and changing individuals’ perceptions of the society they live in and the inequalities that endure within it. Geographical space contributes to the emergence and perpetuation of inequalities between individuals according to their socioeconomic position, gender, ethno-racial origin or even their age. Inequalities in Geographical Space examines inequalities in education, in the workplace, in public and private spaces and those related to migration. Written by geographers, sociologists and economists, this book draws on a variety of theoretical and methodological approaches and compares different spatial and temporal scales. It highlights the importance of geographical space as a vehicle for the expression, creation and reproduction of social, racial, economic and gender inequalities.
International debate has recently focused on increased inequalities and the adverse effects they may have on both social and economic developments. Income inequality, now at its highest level for the past half-century, may not only undermine the sustainability of European social policy but also put at risk Europe’s sustainable recovery. A common feature of recent reports on inequality (ILO, OECD, IMF, 2015–17) is their recognition that the causes emerge from mechanisms in the world of work. The purpose of this book is to investigate the possible role of industrial relations, and labour policies more generally, in reducing these inequalities.
Avec une population urbaine estimée à 43% en 2016, la proportion de la population urbaine de la République démocratique du Congo est la troisième plus importante en Afrique subsaharienne, après celle de l’Afrique du Sud et du Nigéria. Avec un taux d’urbanisation de 4.1% par an, les villes congolaises accueillent ainsi, chaque année, 1 million de citadins supplémentaires. Si cette tendance se poursuit, la population urbaine pourrait doubler en l’espace de 15 ans seulement. De plus, avec ses 12 millions d’habitants et un taux de croissance de 5.1% par an, Kinshasa pourrait devenir d’ici 2030 la ville la plus peuplée d’Afrique. Cette forte croissance urbaine s’accompagne de deux défis majeurs : d’une part, celui de rendre les villes habitables et inclusives en répondant à la forte demande de services sociaux et d’infrastructures, d’éducation, de santé et d’autres services de base et à l’importante pauvreté urbaine, et d’autre part, celui de rendre les villes plus productives grâce à une meilleure concentration de l’activité économique. La Revue de l’Urbanisation de la République démocratique du Congo montre que le pays s’urbanise à des rythmes différents, et identifie 5 régions (Est, Sud, Centre, Ouest et Bassin du Congo) qui présente des défis et des opportunités qui leur sont spéficiques. La Revue propose des mesures de politiques publiques sous trois ensembles d’instruments †“ les « 3 Is » (Institutions, Infrastructures et Interventions) pour aider chaque région à répondre à ses besoins spécifiques tout en tirant parti des effets d’agglomération économique. Ainsi, il est proposé pour les régions à urbanisation naissante (région de l’est) d’investir dans les Institutions courantes qui régulent les marchés (foncier par exemple), et fournissent les services de base. A mesure que l’on progresse vers un stage d’urbanisation intermédiaire (régions du sud et du centre) et que les marchés se consolident, les Infrastructures de liaison extra-urbaines et intra-urbaines deviennent essentielles. Les infrastructures de transport qui relient les villes et l’arrière-pays rural peuvent intégrer les marchés de produits, accroître le commerce inter-régional et faciliter la spécialisation économique. Dans les régions à urbanisation avancée (région de l’ouest), les priorités consistent à consolider les institutions, accroître les investissements en infrastructures de liaison et renforcer les Interventions ciblées ainsi que les actions à mener pour réduire la formation des quartiers précaires à Kinshasa, par exemple. La République démocratique du Congo est à la croisée des chemins. La récente baisse des prix des matières premières pourrait être l’occasion pour le pays de diversifier son économie et d’investir dans le secteur manufacturier. Le moment est indiqué pour que les décideurs congolais investissent dans des villes capables d’être le moteur de la transformation structurelle du pays et d’une meilleure intégration avec les marchés africains et mondiaux afin de conduire le pays sur la voie de l’émergence.
This book opens up the debate on the interrelations between space and mobilities with regard to different dimensions of social inequality. Based on the premise that the dynamics caused by modernization, globalization, migration and social change affect the structuring of the social fabric, the focus of the book is to illuminate these processes of social and spatial re-structurings. A leading team of contributors from the Cosmobilities network highlight different aspects of inequality in relation to mobilities, such as gender, supplying transport infrastructure, job-related relocations, multi-locality, social network geography, and socio-spatial development.
Despite a spectacular expansion of the higher education sector in Sub-Saharan Africa, the supply of tertiary education has generally failed to keep pace with demand, and the region continues to lag behind all other regions in terms of access to tertiary education. This is in part a consequence of deeply entrenched patterns of inequitable access to higher education, and the perpetuation of what researchers refer to as “elite systems.†? To date, access to tertiary education in Sub-Saharan Africa has unduly benefited students drawn from the region’s wealthiest households, and overall enrollment remains disproportionately male and metropolitan. These factors stifle the catalytic potential of higher education, corroding its potential for driving economic growth and sustaining poverty reduction. Instead, patterns of access to tertiary education have generally reinforced and reproduced social inequality, instead of eroding its pernicious social and economic effects. Sharing Higher Education’s Promise beyond the Few in Sub-Saharan Africa aims to inform an improved understanding of equity in tertiary enrollment in Sub-Saharan African countries and to examine the extent to which inequity functions as a bottleneck, inhibiting the ability of African universities to effectively drive improvements in overall quality of life and economic competitiveness. In our survey of the evidence, we also aim to identify which policies most effectively address the challenge of promoting equity of access in Sub-Saharan African tertiary education systems. To achieve these objectives, the book collects, generates, and analyzes empirical evidence on patterns of equity; examines the underlying causes of inequity; and evaluates government policies for addressing inequity.
The Challenges of Environmental Protection and Sustainable Development from Rio to Rio+20 and Beyond is an innovative and original book which addresses in an analytical and critical way the issues raised by Rio+20. Its content offers a wealth of information from world leading experts in the fields of international law, international environmental law and international health law. The book provides a unique insight in issues which are at the core of the contemporary management of social, environmental and economic questions and thus represents a very important contribution to our further understanding of the concept of sustainable development. It is aimed at a global audience and at anybody interested in the future of our Planet and the fate of future generations. Contributors are: Pia Acconci, Estelle Brosset, Francesco Buonomenna, Lucien Chabason, Carina Costa de Oliveira, Angela Di Stasi, Jérôme Dubois, Malgosia Fitzmaurice, Leonardus Gerber, Elizabeth Hodson de Jaramillo, Sophie Lavallée, Antonio Leandro, Sandrine Maljean-Dubois, Panos Merkouris, Claudia Napoli, Stefania Negri, Anna Oriolo, Rossana Palladino, Teresa Russo, Ingrid Schuler, Francesco Sindico, José Manuel Sobrino Heredia, Hélène Tigroudja, Valentina Vadi, Anna Vigorito