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Radio frequency (RF) propagation measurements were conducted at three facilities representing a cross-section of different classes of industrial environments. Selected sites included a multi-acre transmission assembly factory typical of the automotive industry; a medium-sized machine shop primarily engaged in metalworking located on the NIST campus in Gaithersburg; and a steam generation plant located on the NIST campus in Boulder. A spread spectrum correlation sounder was used to take the measurements at a continuum of points throughout the facility by fixing the transmitter and moving the receiver at a constant rate throughout each facility. We analyzed the data collected from the RF propagation measurements of each site. Analysis is based on channel impulse response (CIR) measurements collected during the measurement using equipment developed by the National Institute of Standards and Technology. The results of our analysis includes a tabulated summary and detailed exploration of various industry accepted channel metrics such as path loss, delay spread, and K factor. Our interpretation of the measurements contributes to an improved understanding of radio frequency propagation in factories and an additional perspective on deploying wireless communication devices within factories. The raw measurement data and analysis software is made freely available for public download.
While there are numerous books describing modern wireless communication systems that contain overviews of radio propagation and radio channel modelling, there are none that contain detailed information on the design, implementation and calibration of radio channel measurement equipment, the planning of experiments and the in depth analysis of measured data. The book would begin with an explanation of the fundamentals of radio wave propagation and progress through a series of topics, including the measurement of radio channel characteristics, radio channel sounders, measurement strategies, data analysis techniques and radio channel modelling. Application of results for the prediction of achievable digital link performance would be discussed with examples pertinent to single carrier, multi-carrier and spread spectrum radio links. This work would address specifics of communications in various different frequency bands for both long range and short range fixed and mobile radio links.
Comprehensive resource describing both fundamentals and practical industry applications of antennas and radio propagation employed in modern wireless communication systems The newly revised and thoroughly updated Third Edition of this classic and popular text, Antennas and Propagation for Wireless Communication Systems addresses fundamentals and practical applications of antennas and radio propagation commonly used in modern wireless communication systems, from the basic electromagnetic principles to the characteristics of the technology employed in the most recent systems deployed, with an outlook of forthcoming developments in the field. Core topics include fundamental electromagnetic principles underlying propagation and antennas, basic concepts of antennas and their application to specific wireless systems, propagation measurement, modelling, and prediction for fixed links, macrocells, microcells, femtocells, picocells, megacells, and narrowband and wideband channel modelling with the effect of the channel on communication system performance. Worked examples and specific assignments for students are presented throughout the text (with a solutions manual available for course tutors), with a dedicated website containing online calculators and additional resources, plus details of simple measurements that students can perform with off-the-shelf equipment, such as their laptops and a Wi-Fi card. This Third Edition of Antennas and Propagation for Wireless Communication Systems has been thoroughly revised and updated, expanding on and adding brand new coverage of sample topics such as: Maxwell’s equations and EM theory, multiple reflections as propagation mechanisms, and waveguiding HAPS (High Altitude Platforms) propagation, design and noise considerations of earth stations, macrocell models, and cellular base station site engineering FSS (frequency selective surfaces), adaptive antenna theory developments (massive and distributed MIMO in particular), and how to process raw data related to channel measurements for mobile radio systems The techniques used in mobile systems spanning the latest 4G, 5G and 6G technology generations A wider range of frequencies, extending from HF, VHF and UHF up to the latest millimetre wave and sub terahertz bands With comprehensive coverage of foundational subject matter as well as major recent advancements in the field, Antennas and Propagation for Wireless Communication Systems is an essential resource for undergraduate and postgraduate students, researchers, and industry engineers in related disciplines.
To build wireless systems that deliver maximum performance and reliability, engineers need a detailed understanding of radio propagation. Drawing on over 15 years of experience, leading wireless communications researcher Henry Bertoni presents the most complete discussion of techniques for predicting radio propagation ever published. From its insightful introduction on spectrum reuse to its state-of-the-art real-world models for buildings, terrain, and foliage, Radio Propagation for Modern Wireless Systems delivers invaluable information for every wireless system designer. Coverage provides: A door to the understanding of radio wave propagation for the wireless channel. In-depth study of the effects on path loss of buildings, terrain, and foliage. A unified view of key propagation effects in narrowband and wideband systems, including spatial variation, angle of arrival, and delay spread. Readable account of diffraction at building corners, with worked out examples. Never-before-published coverage of mobile-to-mobile path loss in cities. Effective new ray-based models for site-specific predictions and simulation of channel statistics. Simulations of fast fading and shadow loss. From start to finish, Radio Propagation for Modern Wireless Systems presents sophisticated models–and compares their results with actual field measurements. With thorough coverage and extensive examples from both narrowband and wideband systems, it can help any wireless designer deliver more powerful, cost-effective services.
A complete guide for creating accurate channel-propagation measurements and channel models at millimeter-wave and sub-terahertz bands. Including examples, this book provides practical guidance on RF propagation channels, including measurement system verification and an overview of current and future channel models for these frequencies.
This is a comprehensive guide to radio propagation, an underlying topic governing the design and operation of wireless systems. It offers information required by engineers to build modern wireless applications.
With the rapid proliferation of information and communications technology, industrial automation has undergone a sweeping transformation toward intelligent manufacturing. Wireless communication is widely considered to be one of the key technologies enabling intelligent manufacturing. On one hand, deterministic communication with high reliability and low latency is typically required in industrial automation applications. On the other hand, wireless communication in industrial settings is hindered by strictly limited communication resources and many other factors which mainly derive from the shared and error-prone nature of the wireless channels used. The limited communication resources and harsh channel conditions pose considerable challenges for reliable, real-time data transmission in industrial wireless networks. Resource optimization methods are vital to ensuring the deterministic performance of industrial wireless networks. Traditional resource optimization methods adopt the isolated resource optimization methods for each protocol layer, which is inherently local-optimal and leads performance uncontrollable. To focus on “Performance Controllable Industrial Wireless Networks”, this book presents thejoint resource optimization methods across multiple protocol layers for industrial wireless networks; reviews recent, major advances; and discusses the practical implementations of the proposed methods. The joint resource optimization methods discussed here will greatly benefit scientists and researchers in the areas of industrial automation and Industrial Internet of Things. To gain the most from this book, readers should have a fundamental grasp of wireless communication, scheduling theory, and convex optimization.
This will be a vital source of information on the basic concepts and specific applications of antennas and propagation to wireless systems, covering terrestrial and satellite radio systems in both mobile and fixed contexts. Antennas and propagation are the key factors influencing the robustness and quality of the wireless communication channel and this book includes: * Illustrations of the significance and effect of the wireless propagation channel * Overview of the fundamental electromagnetic principles underlying propagation and antennas * Basic concepts of antennas and their application to specific wireless systems * Propagation measurement, modelling and prediction for fixed links, macrocells, microcells, picocells and megacells * Narrowband and wideband channel modelling and the effect of the channel on communication system performance * Methods that overcome and transform channel impairments to enhance performance using diversity, adaptive antennas and equalisers It will be essential reading for wireless communication engineers as well as for students at postgraduate or senior undergraduate levels. Distinctive features of this book are: * Examples of real world practical system problems of communication system design and operation * Extensive worked examples * End of chapter questions * Topical and relevant information for and about the wireless communication industry
The demand for mobile connectivity is continuously increasing, and by 2020 Mobile and Wireless Communications will serve not only very dense populations of mobile phones and nomadic computers, but also the expected multiplicity of devices and sensors located in machines, vehicles, health systems and city infrastructures. Future Mobile Networks are then faced with many new scenarios and use cases, which will load the networks with different data traffic patterns, in new or shared spectrum bands, creating new specific requirements. This book addresses both the techniques to model, analyse and optimise the radio links and transmission systems in such scenarios, together with the most advanced radio access, resource management and mobile networking technologies. This text summarises the work performed by more than 500 researchers from more than 120 institutions in Europe, America and Asia, from both academia and industries, within the framework of the COST IC1004 Action on "Cooperative Radio Communications for Green and Smart Environments". The book will have appeal to graduates and researchers in the Radio Communications area, and also to engineers working in the Wireless industry. Topics discussed in this book include: Radio waves propagation phenomena in diverse urban, indoor, vehicular and body environmentsMeasurements, characterization, and modelling of radio channels beyond 4G networksKey issues in Vehicle (V2X) communicationWireless Body Area Networks, including specific Radio Channel Models for WBANs Energy efficiency and resource management enhancements in Radio Access NetworksDefinitions and models for the virtualised and cloud RAN architectures Advances on feasible indoor localization and tracking techniquesRecent findings and innovations in antenna systems for communicationsPhysical Layer Network Coding for next generation wireless systems Methods and techniques for MIMO Over the Air (OTA) testing
[ANGLÈS] Wireless sensing is increasingly demanded, especially in harsh industrial environments. Within the presented work a measurement prototype to check the feasibility of wireless sensing in harsh industrial environments was developed. Therefore appropriate antennas were designed to transmit and receive the wireless measurement signal. A software program was developed for data acquisition and controlling the measurement equipment. Furthermore algorithms for data analysis were implemented.