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Excerpt from Industrial Combination Industrial combination may be defined as a method of economic organization by which a common control, of greater or less completeness, is exercised over a number of firms which either have operated hitherto, or could operate, independently. This control may be either temporary or permanent, for all or only for some purposes. The motive and, while it lasts, the effect of combination is to create over market conditions an influence for greater, more conscious, and more centralized regulation; and this influence varies with the proportion of operating capacity over which control is Obtained. The broadness of this definition is rendered necessary by the variety of structures which claim the title of industrial combination - a variety due to intensity of organization, to extent of time, to sphere of influence, to circumstances of original formation. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
Excerpt from Industrial Combinations and Trusts Throughout the preparation Of the volume two purposes were held steadily in mind. The first was to design a volume that should place within the reach Of the students in courses in Trusts in our colleges and universities, material of which much is, as the editor knows from personal experience, only too often difficult of access or else altogether unavailable. The second purpose Of the editor was the collection Of such a set Of materials as would afford the ordinary reader who chances to be interested in Trusts, a fair knowledge at first hand Of the historical development of the Trust movement in the United States, and a thorough comprehension of those problems In regard to them that the country is facing to-dav. The arrangement Of the book has been devised by the editor with the idea, that, should it satisfactorily serve the ends for which it is designed, it may be possible to add new readings from the mass Of material that is steadily accumulating upon the subject. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
Excerpt from Combinations, Trusts and Monopolies: A Discussion of the Origin, Development, and Treatment of the Modern Industrial Combination Economy in the purchase of raw materials Improved facilities for advertising Development of foreign markets. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
Excerpt from Industrial Colonies and Village Settlements for the Consumptive Symonds, and we together examined the patients, sampled the climate and other conditions, and argued with Unger and Ruedi. Then for the second time came Hope; more solid Hope. Given a fairly early case, and three years, and recovery was in the offing. And so we went on cheerfully with Davos. But Davos was not for every one; nor was every case an early 'one. Then came the discovery that lower altitudes would do if certain conditions were obtained; and so arose the great sanatorium movement. But slowly we found that patients could not spend their lives in sanatoriums; and one day on making my way up to one of them in England, I met on the way patient after patient, slouching along, bored to death with themselves and with each other; and even worse in morale than in body. Better discipline and better notions of thera peutics mended some of that; still I could not forget those listless saunterers, and it became evident to some of us, however unwillingly, that Hope was drooping again. The sanatorium was doing a great educative work no doubt; but at the end of its four or six months - what then? To send the patient away with recommendations about light jobs, and a regime, was almost a mockery or quite. What about the wage, and the family to be supported? The next lesson was brought home to me by a visit with other commissioners to certain cities, concerning some such problems. Before me now I see a gaunt hollow-eyed man, coughing, and leaning against the wall as he tried to talk to us, saying that his mates when he came out of the sanatorium - good fellows as they were - had bought him a milk that he might creep round, and earn a bit. The brave wife, shawl on head and mill apron on, had just come from the factory, and apologised for the dirty house - as well she might. The poor thing was working all day at the factory to keep the wolf from the door. All being dragged down together into the pit! What is the value of a good house, or a clean house, if no wages! What is there for the children? And what is to stop the infection! Who then would have the imagination, the initiative, the business capacity, to lift this burden, like lifting a world? About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
Excerpt from Report of the Industrial Commission on Industrial Combinations in Europe, Vol. 18 In Austria the situation is nearly the same, so far as the extent and power of the combinations are concerned. On the other hand, there is more disapproval of the combinations on the part of the public, and three decisions of the courts made Within the last three years, which render the contracts among the different parties to the combination non-enforceable, seem to have weakened in many respects the strength of the combinations within themselves. So far these decisions have pro duced little effect, but it is practically certain that if this attitude of the courts is not changed and if there is no new legislation the combinations will be likely to take on a new form in certain particulars. In England the movement toward combination has not gone so far as in either Austria or Germany. There were in earlier days very many local combinations to keep up prices, and in some cases these rings have proved very successful. Within the last three years, however, a very active movement toward the concentration of industry into large single corporations, quite after the form which has been common in the United States, may be observed. Nearly all of the feeling that one notes in England on this subject has reference to the later great corporations formed by the buying up of many different establishments in the same line of business, corporations that through combination have succeeded in acquiring in many particulars a good8 industrial commissioni - combinations IN europe. In France one finds the movement toward combination much less pronounced than in any of the countries mentioned before. The reasons for this are perhaps two: first, France is less developed industrially than the other three countries, especially England and Germany, and as French industry has not yet entered so much into international competition as has been the case in other countries, the same pressure toward the savings and toward the added power that came from combination has not been felt. In the second place, the French criminal code is very severe against fraudulent or monopolistic attempts to control the market. This code was doubtless passed with reference to conditions entirely different from those now existing, but if a combination Should apparently be able to increase prices, and should attempt to do so, its Officers might be in danger of imprisonment. In consequence, while the movement toward combination is very evident, the managers of combinations are much less inclined to let their movements appear in public. The combinations in France, also, with few exceptions, are less firm in their method of organization, much more being made dependent upon mere verbal agreements. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
Excerpt from Trusts: Or Industrial Combinations in the United States It has become customary, within the last few years, to apply to all kinds of industrial combinations and coalitions indiscriminately the name of "trusts." This is very significant; for it shows that the public has unconsciously recognized that, though different in their form and sometimes in their temporary aims, all these attempts at combination are but manifestations of one underlying tendency. While theorists still discuss the advisability, lawyers attack the legality, and politicians doubt the constitutionality of the principle of combination, we learn daily of the formation of new combines throughout the civilized world. This seems somewhat to discredit the cheerful hopefulness of the believers in the orthodox teaching that combinations are nothing but temporary aberrations from the natural law of free competition. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
Excerpt from The Tendency Towards Industrial Combination a Study of the Modern Movement, Towards Industrial Combination, in Some Spheres of British, Industry: Its Forms and Developments, Their Causes, and Their Determinant Circumstances The suggestion then presented itself that the materials already assembled might be utilized for a general analysis of the combination tendency in various spheres of British industry, so as to indicate the lines of development and forms of organization discernible within the general tendency, and also to lay bare under lying causes and determinant circumstances and to estimate probable developments. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
Excerpt from The Annals; July, 1912, Vol. 42: Industrial Competition and Combination Since the formation of our large industrial combinations there has been a marked increase in production, made possible partially through the introduction of improved machinery and continuous operation, which in turn has increased the mental and physical strain of the workers engaged in the industry. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
Excerpt from The Party of the Third Part: The Story of the Kansas, Industrial Relations Court Earliest English laws on industrial relations; their crudity - Development of modern legal conceptions as to the strike and industrial combinations. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
Excerpt from The Boy's Book of Industrial Information IN putting this work before the public, the Author has endeavoured to supply a clear and brief description of the materials, processes, and apparatus made use of in the various examples of industiy and skill constantly before our eyes, so that the reader may acquire a knowledge of such things, and an interest in those, who, by their hard work and patient ingenuity, supply them; for every article and process can be made to have a value and an interest, in proportion to the amount of knowledge we possess respecting them. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.