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The increasing understanding of individual differences in response to in-vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment, resulting from genetic and ethnical differences, has increased the potential for individualized treatment for patients, resulting in improved pregnancy and live-birth outcomes. This illustrated book summarizes, and provides updates on, the most recent developments in individualized infertility treatment and embryo selection techniques. Individualization is not only confined to the different steps in the ovarian stimulation process and the luteal phase support, but also to embryo selection techniques, which include, among others, the analysis of embryo development pattern and genetic testing. Chapters cover a multitude of topics, ranging from oocyte maturation and immunological testing to fertilization technique in the IVF laboratory and preparation for optimal endometrial receptivity in cryo cycles. Essential reading for IVF specialists and embryologists in IVF Clinics and also an important text for medical consultants specializing in reproductive medicine, gynecology and embryology.
VOLUME 1: INFERTILITY SECTION 1: ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY 1. Anatomy of the Reproductive System 2. Regulation and Physiology of Menstrual Cycle 3. Oogenesis and Folliculogenesis 4. Spermatogenesis 5. Fertilization and Embryogenesis 6. Implantation 7. Embryo Endometrial Crosstalk and Endometrial Receptivity SECTION 2: REPRODUCTIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY 8. Synthesis and Metabolism of Steroid Hormones 9. Puberty and Aberrations 10. Amenorrhea 11. Endocrine Disorders Affecting Reproduction 12. Hirsutism 13. Luteal Phase Defect 14. Anovulation 15. Declining Fertility SECTION 3: COMBINED TOPICS 16. Evaluation of Infertility 17. Immunology and Infertility 18. Cytogenetics and Subfertility 19. Obesity and Infertility 20. Unexplained Infertility 21. Fertility Preservation 22. Counseling in Infertility 23. Assisted Reproductive Technology in Patients with Chronic Medical Disorders SECTION 4: MALE INFERTILITY 24. Etiopathogenesis of Male Infertility 25. Clinical and Endocrinological Evaluation of Infertile Male 26. Sexual Dysfunction in Male Infertility 27. Ultrasound in Male Infertility 28. Medical Management of Male Infertility 29. Azoospermia: Evaluation and Management 30. Varicocele and Infertility 31. Spinal Cord Injuries and Male Infertility 32. Algorithms for Genetic Evaluation of Infertile Males SECTION 5: FEMALE FACTOR INFERTILITY 33. Uterine Factors in Infertility 34. Tubal Factors in Infertility 35. Infections and Infertility 36. Tuberculosis and Infertility 37. Sonoendocrinology and Cycle Monitoring Assisted Reproduction Technology 38. Transvaginal Ultrasound and Doppler in Infertility 39. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome 40. Assessment of Ovarian Reserve 41. Endometriosis 42. Endoscopy in Infertility 43. Reconstructive Surgeries Enhancing Fertility SECTION 6: INTRAUTERINE INSEMINATION 44. Intrauterine Insemination 45. Optimizing Success in Intrauterine Insemination SECTION 7: OVARIAN STIMULATION 46. Drugs for Ovarian Stimulation 47. Ovulation Induction and Ovarian Stimulation Protocols 48. Role of Adjuvants in Ovarian Stimulation 49. Gonadotropinreleasing Hormone Analogs 50. Monitoring of Ovarian Stimulation 51. Ovulation Trigger 52. Individualized Controlled Ovarian Stimulation 53. In Vitro Fertilization Lite 54. Role of Luteinizing Hormone in Ovarian Stimulation 55. Anesthesia in Assisted Reproductive Techniques 56. Oocyte Retrieval. 57. Embryo Transfer 58. Troubleshooting in Assisted Reproductive Technology 59. Luteal Phase Support SECTION 8: DILEMMA IN ART 60. Poor Responder 61. Recurrent Implantation Failure 62. Empty Follicle Syndrome 63. Role of Aneuploidy Screening in Preimplantation Embryos 64. Preimplantation Genetic Testing of Embryos 65. Epigenetics and Assisted Reproductive Technology SECTION 9: COMPLICATIONS IN ART 66. Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome 67. Ectopic Pregnancy 68. Multipleorder Births SECTION 10: THIRD PARTY REPRODUCTION 69. Oocyte and Sperm Donation 70. Surrogacy in Assisted Reproductive Technology 71. Assisted Reproductive Technology Guidelines 72. Adoption 73. LGBTQ and Fertility 74. Transgender Population and Fertility SECTION 11: OUTCOME FOLLOWING ASSISTED REPRODUCTIVE TECHNIQUE 75. Maternal and Fetal Outcomes Following Assisted Reproductive Technique 76. Early Pregnancy Scan 77. Recurrent Pregnancy Loss: From Diagnostic Dilemmas to Clinical Decisions SECTION 12: RECENT ADVANCES 78. Bioengineered Human Endometrium In Vitro. 79. Recent Trends in A...
An essential, practical guide for clinicians treating patients with infertility.
Personnel working in assisted reproductive technology often lack the opportunities for dedicated training in the specialized techniques and technologies required for the procedures. As such, success in the form of live birth rates can range from over 50% to less than 10% per treatment cycle. This comprehensive introductory textbook is an essential resource for trainee embryologists, medical students and nurses. The recent revolutions in biotechnology and molecular biology involved in delivering assisted reproductive services are thoroughly discussed. Basic knowledge such as the development and physiology of both male and female reproductive systems is covered, with practical aspects of IVF including gamete and embryo manipulation, cryopreservation and genetic testing explained in detail. A full description of the optimal structure and management of the IVF laboratory is given, helping ensure procedures are safe and effective. Extensive and highly detailed colour illustrations bring the content to life and aids readers in their understanding.
Offers a comprehensive guide to assisted reproductive technology surveillance, describing its history, global variations, and best practices.
In the developing world, the choices available to couples for fertility treatments in the 21st century are wider than ever before. This is a time when most types of infertility can be treated by modern 'test-tube' methods, yet reproduction itself has become inextricably bound with social and political trends - declining birth rates, delayed first pregnancy, childbirth beyond the age of 40, the state funding of infertility treatment - fertility treatment is a hot topic, high on the agenda of politicians in their efforts to reverse declining national fertility rates. The range of new technologies is expansive, from embryo selection by genetic analysis to egg donation in the over-forties and cryopreservation. Today, the 'assistance' of conception with treatments such as IVF reflects a life-choice whose context is immediately social, cultural, personal, and political. Arguing that these new technologies allow the 'design' of babies in a way which is far beyond the spontaneity of nature, Bart Fauser and Paul Devroey describe the new treatments, consider what they can do, and look at how far they have come in shaping our everyday lives. Considering the wider implications of fertility treatment, they also look at the issues it raises, and evaluate how far treatments can, and should, go.
This comprehensively updated and expanded second edition builds on its successful and popular predecessor, retaining the practical features which made the first edition such an essential guide to IVF. The edition describes additions to the range of ART clinical treatments, including the use of testicular and epididymal sperm, blastocyst stage transfer, and new perspectives in cryobiology and cryopreservation techniques. By incorporating laboratory techniques and protocols, with an even greater emphasis on quality control, it provides an indispensable and practical account. The introductory chapters covering the scientific background that underpins effective laboratory practice have been substantially expanded, derived from research in mammalian systems into the molecular biology of oogenesis, oocyte maturation, and early embryo metabolism. This second edition distils a wealth of practical and scientific detail for the benefit of all IVF practitioners.
The use of human in vitro fertilization in the management of infertility is the outgrowth of years of laboratory observations on in vitro sperm-egg interaction. "The editors of this work have themselves contributed significantly to basic knowledge of the mammalian fertilization process. The observations of Don Wolf on sperm penetration, the block to polyspermy and, most recently, sperm hyperactivation in the monkey and human, Gregory Kopf's elucidation of the mechanisms of sperm activation during penetration and the reciprocal dialogue between sperm and egg, and Barry Bavister's definition of culture conditions and requirements necessary for in vitro oocyte maturation, fertilization and development in model mammalian systems including nonhuman primates have contributed greatly to our understanding of the mammalian fertilization process. Wolf, Kopf and Gerrity have enjoyed substantial interaction with clinicians in Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology and have been directly involved with successful IVF programs. Both Wolf and Kopf have served as research scientists in the Division of Reproductive Biology at the University of Pennsylvania, which, for more than 22 years, has fostered co-mingling of clinically oriented and basic science faculty. It is through such interaction, which clearly exists at many institutions including the University of Wisconsin, that the process of technology transfer is best served. Without an exquisitely coordinated laboratory, there can be no consistent success in human in vitro fertilization. Quality control is pivotal, but close collaboration between the laboratory and the clinic is also essential as information is shared and correlated.
Man is entering a new era as a result of advances in human reproduction. Techniques have been developed to assist in the creation of man-artificial insemination and, now, in vitro fertilization (IVF). Soon, other new methods, based upon current advances of the IVF procedure, will develop to improve the quality of human reproduction. The book describes the conceptual framework and details of technique concerned with in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (ET). Edwards and Steptoe first described the technique of IVF and ET and the subsequent births of two normal babies. Since then, the success rate of the system has been improved by the use of fertility drugs to provide more oocytes and preincubation to mature the oocyte before fertilization. As a result of the continued research from Melbourne and Cambridge, more than 100 babies have been born. A free interchange of information between the Cambridge and Melbourne groups has led to a predictable success rate of 15%-20% per laparoscopy, and infertility centres all over the world are now copying the techniques. It is an appropriate time to inform doctors and scientists to help them understand the various procedures involved in IVF and ET. While many advances will occur in the future, the establishment of high success rates in several of the critical steps in the procedure-oocyte pick-up rate (90%), fertilization (>90%) and early embryo development (70%-90% )-signifies that some of the new techniques are stabilized sufficiently to warrant transmission of information by text, rather than scientific journal.
This extensively updated and revised edition of In Vitro Fertilization: The A.R.T. of Making Babies addresses the key issues and concerns of infertile couples. Written by one of the top in vitro specialists in the country, this book discusses in plain language everything couples need to know about IVF. From how to locate and choose the best IVF programs to what to expect as you go through the process, this book will prepare couples for the complex and emotional IVF journey. Included here are: • Conditions that negatively affect fertility, such as sexually transmitted diseases, endometriosis, ectopic pregnancy, and immune system conditions • Surrogate motherhood, egg donation, and other third-party parenting options • Detailed discussion of ovulation and the influence of age on egg quality • Ethics in fertility technology, including the recent controversies over cloning This book provides extensive technical guidance to couples who are considering in vitro fertilization, allowing for a more well-informed life changing decision.