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The series Advances in Industrial Control aims to report and encourage technology transfer in control engineering. The rapid development of control technology has an impact on all areas of the control discipline. New theory, new controllers, actuators, sensors, new industrial processes, computer methods, new applications, new philosophies ..., new challenges. Much of this development work resides in industrial reports, feasibility study papers and the reports of advanced collaborative projects. The series offers an opportunity for researchers to present an extended exposition of such new work in all aspects of industrial control for wider and rapid dissemination. The water and wastewater industry has undergone many changes in recent years. Of particular importance has been a renewed emphasis on improving resource management with tighter regulatory controls setting new targets on pricing, industry efficiency and loss reduction for both water and wastewater with more stringent environmental discharge conditions for wastewater. Meantime, the demand for water and wastewater services grows as the population increases and wishes for improved living conditions involving, among other items, domestic appliances that use water. Consequently, the installed infrastructure of the industry has to be continuously upgraded and extended, and employed more effectively to accommodate the new demands, both in throughput and in meeting the new regulatory conditions. Investment in fixed infrastructure is capital-intensive and slow to come on-stream. One outcome of these changes and demands is that the industry is examining the potential benefits of, and in many cases using, more advanced control systems.
In the research Model Predictive Control on Open Water Systems', the relatively new control methodology Model Predictive Control is configured for application of water quantity control on open water systems, especially on irrigation canals and large drainage systems. The methodology applies an internal model of the open water system, by which optimal control actions are calculated over a prediction horizon. As internal model, two simplified models are used, the Integrator Delay model and the Saint Venant model. Kalman filtering is applied to initialize the internal models. The optimization uses an objective function in which conflicting objectives can be weighed. In most of the cases, these conflicting objectives are keeping the water levels at different locations in the water system within a range around setpoint and executing this by using as little control effort or energy as possible.
This book provides comprehensive coverage of the latest advances and trends in information technology, science and engineering. Specifically, it addresses a number of broad themes, including multi-modal informatics, data mining, agent-based and multi-agent systems for health and education informatics, which inspire the development of intelligent information technologies. The contributions cover a wide range of topics such as AI applications and innovations in health and education informatics; data and knowledge management; multi-modal application management; and web/social media mining for multi-modal informatics. Outlining promising future research directions, the book is a valuable resource for students, researchers and professionals, and a useful reference guide for newcomers to the field. This book is a compilation of the papers presented in the 2021 International Conference on Multi-modal Information Analytics, held in Huhehaote, China, on April 23–24, 2021.
This book describes the challenges that critical infrastructure systems face, and presents state of the art solutions to address them. How can we design intelligent systems or intelligent agents that can make appropriate real-time decisions in the management of such large-scale, complex systems? What are the primary challenges for critical infrastructure systems? The book also provides readers with the relevant information to recognize how important infrastructures are, and their role in connection with a society’s economy, security and prosperity. It goes on to describe state-of-the-art solutions to address these points, including new methodologies and instrumentation tools (e.g. embedded software and intelligent algorithms) for transforming and optimizing target infrastructures. The book is the most comprehensive resource to date for professionals in both the private and public sectors, while also offering an essential guide for students and researchers in the areas of modeling and analysis of critical infrastructure systems, monitoring, control, risk/impact evaluation, fault diagnosis, fault-tolerant control, and infrastructure dependencies/interdependencies. The importance of the research presented in the book is reflected in the fact that currently, for the first time in human history, more people live in cities than in rural areas, and that, by 2050, roughly 70% of the world’s total population is expected to live in cities.
Within recent years, technological advances and stricter regulatory requirements have seen the increased use of automation and instrumentation within the wastewater treatment industry. As a result, advanced control strategies are required, to fully exploit the potential of these complex systems in addressing water quality concerns. Model based control strategies can be appropriate within the multivariable constrained wastewater system. In particular, the inherent model based nature of this approach can be valuable in the prediction of the treatment plant effluent quality required over a considered time period, to meet water quality standards. Multivariable linear predictive control is implemented for a benchmark treatment plant model, demonstrating the constraint handling ability of the predictive control structure. The limitations of an effluent-based control strategy in the maintenance of river quality is discussed. A more global approach to wastewater control must be considered in order to compensate against disturbances within the system. Tackling this concern, the incorporation of receiving water quality objectives within the control strategy is proposed. To this end, the application of linear MPC to the control of dissolved oxygen concentrations in the receiving waters under storm conditions is demonstrated. The drawbacks involved in a linear model based approach within a nonlinear urban wastewater system are considered. Several nonlinearities are present: the bioprocesses involved are by definition nonlinear, and are affected by varying wastewater load and characteristics. These can be the result of varying stormwater effects upon the treatment plant or emergency overflows to receiving waters. This therefore motivates the development of nonlinear strategies in the control of the wastewater processes. The control of SISO nonlinear processes within the urban wastewater system, such as dissolved oxygen, is demonstrated via the use of fuzzy gain-scheduled and Wiener model based predictive control. Additionally, the use of existing nonlinear process models in the control of wastewater processes is shown in the application of state dependent model predictive control.