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There are groups who oppose development projects that displace people from their lands and livelihoods and demand that such projects should not be undertaken. While this demand is unrealistic, the concern to save people is legitimate. The real issue then is to undertake development in a way that ensures minimum disruption and helps those relocated to share its benefits. This report, thus, shows the way forward and emphasizes the need to adopt credible policies that minimize displacement, properly compensate those relocated to make development possible, and give them a permanent stake in project benefits. Besides these, it takes stock of issues like poverty, unemployment, health, local government and decentralization, child labour, and how women fare across social indices. Complete with a social development index which ranks Indian states, this report will be a useful primary source and research tool.
How far has Indian really progressed since Independence? This report take stock of the development issues like poverty, unemployment, health, drinking water, sanitation and urban governance, communal relations, local government and decentralization, child labor and social security, marginalized groups and how women far across the social indices. Complete with a social development index that ranks Indian states, this report will be a useful primary source and research tool.
This report highlights that gender inequalities and women's subordination in India are caused by two formidable macro-structures: patriarchy and the exclusion of unpaid work from the macro-economy. The papers have explored pathways to break these structures gradually to achieve gender equality and empower women.
The world's demand for food is expected to double within the next 50 years, while the natural resources that sustain agriculture will become increasingly scarce, degraded, and vulnerable to the effects of climate change. In many poor countries, agriculture accounts for at least 40 percent of GDP and 80 percent of employment. At the same time, about 70 percent of the world's poor live in rural areas and most depend on agriculture for their livelihoods. 'World Development Report 2008' seeks to assess where, when, and how agriculture can be an effective instrument for economic development, especially development that favors the poor. It examines several broad questions: How has agriculture changed in developing countries in the past 20 years? What are the important new challenges and opportunities for agriculture? Which new sources of agricultural growth can be captured cost effectively in particular in poor countries with large agricultural sectors as in Africa? How can agricultural growth be made more effective for poverty reduction? How can governments facilitate the transition of large populations out of agriculture, without simply transferring the burden of rural poverty to urban areas? How can the natural resource endowment for agriculture be protected? How can agriculture's negative environmental effects be contained? This year's report marks the 30th year the World Bank has been publishing the 'World Development Report'.
Questioning whether certain sections of Indian society suffer from multiple deprivations, the Indian Human Development Report 2011 evaluates whether the social indicators of the excluded groups are converging or diverging with the rest of the population. The Report addresses three critical issues: (i) Do different social groups like the SCs, STs, and Muslims get excluded from the development process? (ii) Has India experienced inclusive growth in the true sense? (iii) How are flagship programmes/schemes of the government dealing with some of these concerns? Rich in data and analyses, this Report examines: human development index and profile for India and its states; economic attainment of the population, especially in terms of the two major sources of income-employment and assets; availability, access, and absorption of food and state of hunger and malnutrition; health indicators vis-a-vis inputs, processes, and outcomes; achievements and challenges in education; state of support infrastructure such as roads, electricity, housing, and telephony; and challenges facing vulnerable sections of India's population-child labourers, the elderly, and the disabled.
This report looks at the state of health policies in India and assesses its dynamicsa its failings and triumphs a suggesting, through nuanced essays and empirical data, ways of improving the existing conditions. Comprising four parts a the report focuses on welfare system and its implication for health that includes issues related to legislation, policies and welfare programmes. It evaluates its achievements against the Council for Social Development Index which, having evolved over some years, offers an alternative towards enhancing the state and reach of public health in 21st Century India. The report takes stock of the challenges and hurdles faced by the countryas health system before focusing on a vision of the future of public sector health services and some priority areas such as issues of nutrition, child health, womenas mental stress arising out of ill-health, environmental health in industrial areas and neglect over the turn of the 20th Century. The report concludes with assessing the existing trends in health services and determining the outcome of liberalization and health sector reforms.
This book sheds light on the status of tribal communities in Central India with respect to livelihoods, agriculture, natural resources, economy, and migration. Written by noted academics, thematic experts, and activists, this first-of-its-kind report by the Bharat Rural Livelihoods Foundation brings together case studies, archival research, and exhaustive data on key facets of the lives of Adivasis, the various programs meant for their development, and the policy and systems challenges, to build a better understanding of the Adivasi predicament. This volume, Provides a broad overview of the contemporary macro-economic situation of Adivasi communities, with a special focus on the challenges of agriculture, land, energy, and water use, especially groundwater; Highlights the need to move into a new paradigm of agro-ecology based, nature-positive farming, and sustainable water use, driven by local institutions; Examines the neglect faced by tribal areas in the development of infrastructure in various dimensions, from irrigation to energy; Shares insights on the invisibility of tribal voices in the policy processes, and how political empowerment will enable socio-economic changes for the Adivasis at grassroot levels; Discusses the Adivasi informal sector and the state of migrant workers, whose plight drew national attention during the recent Covid pandemic. Companion to Tribal Development Report: Human Development and Governance, this book will be of great interest to scholars and researchers of indigenous studies, development studies, and South Asian studies.
In the past ten years or so, displacement by development projects has gone on almost untamed under the globalization pressures to meet the demand for land from local and increasingly foreign investors. Focusing on India, this book looks at the complex issue of resettling people who are displaced for the sake of development. The book discusses how the affected farming communities are fiercely opposing the development projects that often leave them worse off than before, and how this conflict is a matter of serious concern for the planners, as it could discourage potential capital inflows and put India’s growth trajectory into jeopardy. It analyses the challenge of protecting the interests of farmers, and at the same time ensuring that these issues do not hinder the path of development. The book goes on to highlight the emerging approaches to resettlement that promise a more equitable development outcome. A timely analysis of displacement and resettlement, this book has an appeal beyond South Asian Studies alone. It is of interest to policy makers, planners, administrators, and scholars in the field of resettlement and development studies.
Developmental projects have long been displacing people in large numbers every year, but it is only in recent years that the fate of those adversely affected has become an issue of widespread concern requiring urgent action. This volume is the scholarly exploration of these critical issues in a wider perspective, examining resettlement policies as well as resettlement strategies, their strengths, their weaknesses, the persisting gap between policy and its actual practice and the means to improve resettlement outcomes. This volume is well-structured into four parts: (a) Displacement and Resettlement in Developmental Projects (b) Re-examining Resettlement Policies (c) Addressing Resettlement Concerns and (d) Resettlement in a Globalizing World. It goes beyond the common description of resettlement problems and attempts at gaining a deeper understanding of resettlement realities. In a separate section, the book discusses the hotly debated current issues of resettlement policy and practice in the context of globalization. The volume contains original case studies which will bring to academic and policy tables a body of important new ideas that will stimulate debates and also hopefully change and improve current practices. The contributors to this volume are eminent scholars, including some who have played a vital role in shaping resettlement policies as well as in implementing projects at the grassroots level.
This book considers the remarkable transformations that have taken place in India since 1980, a period that began with the assassination of the formidable Prime Minister Indira Gandhi. Her death, and that of her son Rajiv seven years later, marked the end of the Nehru-Gandhi era. Although the country remains one of the few democracies in the developing world, many of the policies instigated by these earlier regimes have been swept away to make room for dramatic alterations in the political, economic and social landscape. Sumit Ganguly and Rahul Mukherji, two leading political scientists of South Asia, chart these developments with particular reference to social and political mobilization, the rise of the BJP and its challenge to Nehruvian secularism and the changes to foreign policy that, in combination with its meteoric economic development, have ensured India a significant place on the world stage.