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With reference to Asia Pacific region.
On socio-economic transformation of rural areas in India.
India, long known for its huge population, religious conflicts and its status as not-quite best friend ally of the United States has moved from the backwaters of world attention to centre stage. Afghanistan and Pakistan with whom India is in almost conflict, are neighbours. India has developed a nuclear capability which also has a way of grabbing attention. This book discusses current issues and historical background and provides a thorough index important to a better understanding of this diverse country.
India, due to its geographical position, climate and geological setting is one of the most disaster prone countries of the world and has been experiencing natural disasters every year. Though whole of the country is more or less affected by common disasters, the impact of these disasters on rural population due to its physical, poor socio-economic and specific socio-cultural condition is comparatively more and long lasting. If we analyse the Indian rural society in the context of vulnerability, it is found to be much more vulnerable to natural disasters in comparison to its urban counterpart. The book, as indicated by its name aims to apprise the readers about the impact of natural disasters on rural society and its management. It contains seven chapters with an introduction giving details about disasters, types disaster management cycle and recent trend in dealing disasters. After discussing the disaster trend at world level and India, the book attempts to critically analyse the vulnerability of the country to various forms of disasters. The book gives detail of different factors influencing the vulnerability of different factors influencing the vulnerability of rural society to the natural calamities and problems and shortcomings of prevailing disaster management system. After critically analysing the rural disaster management situation, the book concludes that it is the sustainable rural development approach that can mitigate the disasters in rural India with a long-term perspective. The book suggests the role of PRIs, as implementing agency in managing disaster, in an effective manner in rural areas. The disaster management planning at village level and utility of management tools in disaster management planning is discussed in detail in the last chapter of the book.
Dr V Basil Hans MA, MPhil, PhD is Associate Professor and Head, Dept of Economics and dean Faculty of Arts, St Aloysius Evening College, Mangalore. He has more than 30 years of teaching experience at UG and PG levels. Dr Hans has guided six MPhil and three PhD candidates successfully. He is an editor/reviewer for 31 journals. He has authored 18 books, edited 7 volumes and written 212 articles. He has presented 82 papers in national seminars and 12 in international conferences. His forthcoming book in on sanitation culture in India.
Abstract: May 1999 - Access to land is deeply important in rural India, where the incidence of poverty is highly correlated with lack of access to land. The author provides a framework for assessing alternative approaches to improving access to land by India's rural poor. He considers India's record implementing land reform and identifies an approach that includes incremental reforms in public land administration to reduce transaction costs in land markets (thereby facilitating land transfers) and to increase transparency, making information accessible to the public to ensure that socially excluded groups benefit. Reducing constraints on access to land for the rural poor and socially excluded requires five key issues: restrictions on land-lease markets, the fragmentation of holdings, the widespread failure to translate women's legal rights into practice, poor access to (and encroachment on) the commons, and high transaction costs for land transfers. Among guidelines for policy reform the author suggests: Selectively deregulate land-lease (rental) markets, because rental markets may be important in giving the poor access to land; Reduce transaction costs in land markets, including both official costs and informal costs (such as bribes to expedite transactions), partly by improving systems for land registration and management of land records; Critically reassess land administration agencies and find ways to improve incentive structures, to reduce rent-seeking and base promotions on performance; Promote women's independent land rights through policy measures to increase women's bargaining power within the household and in society generally; Improve transparency of land administration and public access to information, to reduce rent-seeking by land administration officers and to strengthen poor people's land rights (and knowledge thereof); Strengthen institutions in civil society to provide the awareness, monitoring, and pressure needed for successful reform and to provide checks and balances on inappropriate uses of state power; In a companion paper (WPS 2124) the author addresses these issues at the level of a particular state - Orissa, one of India ' s poorest states - in an empirical study, from a transaction costs perspective, of social exclusion and land administration. This paper - a product of the Rural Development Sector Unit, South Asia Region - is part of a larger effort in the region to promote access to land and to foster more demand-driven and socially inclusive institutions in rural development.
With reference to India.