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As youth emancipate out of the child welfare system, they face many challenges. This study investigated whether or not having a permanent connection was beneficial to young adults after they left foster care. It showed that even with the presence of an identified mentor to guide youth post-emancipation, these youth were still facing serious difficulties.
The purpose of this study was to examine the County of San Bernardino's Independent Living Program's (ILP's) efforts to prepare ILP participants for self-sufficiency. These efforts were evaluated from the perspective of foster youth who are currently participating in an Indepent Living Program. The study utilized quantitative and qualitative research methods to assess the ILP participants' preparedness for independence.
"It was not until the government saw emergency shelters and missions as being unable to meet the needs of the growing number of homeless individuals that the creation of transitional housing was established in 1990. In 2007 the National Coalition for the Homeless reported over three million people to be homeless, with more than one million of the people being children. Since this report, the National Alliance to End Homelessness conducted a 2016 point-in-time- analysis on the homeless. This analysis reported a decrease in homelessness by 2%. Thus the issue of homelessness still remains an on-going problem nationally. The purpose of this study was to explore the perspectives of successful graduates of a transitional housing program and their views on the services received in this setting and how those services if any contributed to their success. This qualitative study consisted of six volunteers from one transitional housing program. Also included are findings from similar studies [Fischer (2000), Washington (2002) and Yarosz 2003)] which rely on residents' experiences. What makes this study different from existing studies is that it relies solely on successful former graduate's experiences with services they received while in a transitional housing program. Key themes identified in this study were: rules, perceptions of homelessness, case management, and direct and indirect services. Most of the participants thought the rules were too rigid. Some of the rules mentioned in this study were about curfews, mandatory programs such as life skills classes, and chores. Although the rules were seen as a problem for most in this study, the rules did not become a problem until the rules affected them personally. Participants achieved success by working together to overcome the restraints of the rules in this transitional housing program, such as babysitting for one another or covering each other's chores. On perceptions of homelessness, some participants reported being shocked to see the various types of women in the program. Most were appalled to be in the same program as someone with substance abuse or mental health issues. In this they reflected past stereotypes of homelessness. Maintaining their own positive identity was seen as paramount to their success in this setting. The case manager in this setting was seen as the most valued resource offered because of her caring nature and her ability to meet the clients' needs. Having case management step outside of the box and personalize participants' programs was empowering and seen as critical in the participants' success. All participants in this transitional housing program were expected to participate in both direct and indirect services. While direct services were a mandatory part of the program, indirect services, although recommended, were not a required part of program participation. Collaborating with outside agencies and giving participants choice, not only in direct services but indirect services as well, were seen as contributing toward the participants' success in the program and in maintaining permanent housing. Also included in this study are limitations, implication for practice and recommendations for further studies"--Leaves iii-iv.
The Preventing Sex Trafficking and Strengthening Families Act (H.R. 4980), an omnibus bill that includes both child welfare and child support provisions, was signed into law on September 29, 2014, as P.L. 113-183. The bill received broad congressional support, passing the House by voice vote (under suspension of the rules) on July 23, 2014, and the Senate by unanimous consent on September 18, 2014. P.L. 113-183 amends the federal foster care program to require state child welfare agencies to develop and implement procedures for identifying, documenting in agency records, and determining appropriate services for certain children or youth who are victims of sex trafficking, or at risk of victimization. State child welfare agencies must also report to law enforcement and the U.S Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), which administers child welfare programs, about such victims. In addition, HHS must establish a national advisory committee on child sex trafficking that must, among other responsibilities, develop policies on improving the nation's response to domestic sex trafficking. P.L. 113-183 also includes provisions to direct child welfare agencies to develop protocols on locating children missing from care. The law also seeks to ensure children in foster care have the opportunity to participate in activities that are appropriate to their age and stage of development. It requires changes in state foster home licensing law to enable foster caregivers to apply a "reasonable and prudent parenting" standard when determining whether a child in foster care may participate in activities; and directs state child welfare agencies to provide training to caregivers on using this standard. Other provisions in the law seek to ensure permanent adult connections for older children and better aid their transition to successful adulthood. Under the new law, states are not permitted to assign a permanency plan of "another planned permanent living arrangement" (APPLA) to any child under the age of 16, and must take additional steps to support permanency for children age 16 or older who are assigned that permanency plan. Further, children in foster care who are age 14 or older must be consulted in the development of, and about any revisions to, their case and permanency plans. They must also be made aware of their rights while in care, including the right to receive critical documents (e.g., birth certificate, Social Security card) when they "age out" of care. P.L. 113-183 separately extends funding authority for Adoption Incentive Payments for three years (FY2014-FY2016). It phases in a revised incentive structure that allows states to earn incentive payments for both adoptions and exits from foster care to legal guardianship, places additional focus on finding permanent homes for older children, and strengthens the way state performance is gauged under the program. The law requires 30% of any state savings (resulting from broadening federal eligibility for adoption assistance) to be used for family strengthening services, including post-adoption services. It also includes provisions to ensure continued federal assistance under the Title IV-E program for eligible children who, following the death or incapacitation of their legal guardian, are placed with previously named successor guardians. Separately, the law appropriates $15 million to continue Family Connection Grants for one year. These grants are intended to strengthen children's connections to their parents and other relatives.
Be prepared for the growing opportunities in community and population health practice with the 3rd Edition of this groundbreaking resource. The New Edition reflects the convergence of community and population health practice with expanded content on health promotion, well-being, and wellness. Drs. Scaffa and Reitz present the theories underpinning occupational therapy practice in community and population health. Then, the authors provide practical guidance in program needs assessment, program development, and program evaluation. Both new practitioners and students will find practice-applicable coverage, including expanded case examples, specific strategies for working in the community, and guidance on securing funding for community and population health programs.
Chronic homelessness is a highly complex social problem of national importance. The problem has elicited a variety of societal and public policy responses over the years, concomitant with fluctuations in the economy and changes in the demographics of and attitudes toward poor and disenfranchised citizens. In recent decades, federal agencies, nonprofit organizations, and the philanthropic community have worked hard to develop and implement programs to solve the challenges of homelessness, and progress has been made. However, much more remains to be done. Importantly, the results of various efforts, and especially the efforts to reduce homelessness among veterans in recent years, have shown that the problem of homelessness can be successfully addressed. Although a number of programs have been developed to meet the needs of persons experiencing homelessness, this report focuses on one particular type of intervention: permanent supportive housing (PSH). Permanent Supportive Housing focuses on the impact of PSH on health care outcomes and its cost-effectiveness. The report also addresses policy and program barriers that affect the ability to bring the PSH and other housing models to scale to address housing and health care needs.
While family life has conspicuously changed in the past fifty years, it would be a mistake to conclude that family routines and rituals have lost their meaning. In this book Barbara H. Fiese, a clinical and developmental psychologist, examines how the practices of diverse family routines and the meanings created through rituals have evolved to meet the demands of today’s busy families. She discusses and integrates various research literatures and draws on her own studies to show how family routines and rituals influence physical and mental health, translate cultural values, and may even be used therapeutically. Looking at a range of family activities from bedtime stories to special holiday meals, Fiese relates such occasions to significant issues including parenting competence, child adjustment, and relational well-being. She concludes by underscoring the importance of flexible approaches to family time to promote healthier families and communities.