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Tensile strength, fatigue strength and ductility are important properties of nanostructured metallic materials, which make them suitable for use in applications where strength or strength-to-weight ratios are important. Nanostructured metals and alloys reviews the latest technologies used for production of these materials, as well as recent advances in research into their structure and mechanical properties. One of the most important issues facing nanostructured metals and alloys is how to produce them. Part one describes the different methods used to process bulk nanostructured metals and alloys, including chapters on severe plastic deformation, mechanical alloying and electrodeposition among others. Part two concentrates on the microstructure and properties of nanostructured metals, with chapters studying deformation structures such as twins, microstructure of ferrous alloys by equal channel angular processing, and characteristic structures of nanostructured metals prepared by plastic deformation. In part three, the mechanical properties of nanostructured metals and alloys are discussed, with chapters on such topics as strengthening mechanisms, nanostructured metals based on molecular dynamics computer simulations, and surface deformation. Part four focuses on existing and developing applications of nanostructured metals and alloys, covering topics such as nanostructured steel for automotives, steel sheet and nanostructured coatings by spraying. With its distinguished editor and international team of contributors, Nanostructured metals and alloys is a standard reference for manufacturers of metal components, as well as those with an academic research interest in metals and materials with enhanced properties.
Examines the important topic of fuel cell science by way of combining membrane design, chemical degradation mechanisms, and stabilization strategies This book describes the mechanism of membrane degradation and stabilization, as well as the search for stable membranes that can be used in alkaline fuel cells. Arranged in ten chapters, the book presents detailed studies that can help readers understand the attack and degradation mechanisms of polymer membranes and mitigation strategies. Coverage starts from fundamentals and moves to different fuel cell membrane types and methods to profile and analyze them. The Chemistry of Membranes Used in Fuel Cells: Degradation and Stabilization features chapters on: Fuel Cell Fundamentals: The Evolution of Fuel Cells and their Components; Degradation Mechanism of Perfluorinated Membranes; Ranking the Stability of Perfluorinated Membranes Used in Fuel Cells to Attack by Hydroxyl Radicals; Stabilization Mechanism of Perfluorinated Membranes by Ce(III) and Mn(II); Hydrocarbon Proton Exchange Membranes; Stabilization of Perfluorinated Membranes Using Nanoparticle Additives; Degradation Mechanism in Aquivion Perfluorinated Membranes and Stabilization Strategies; Anion Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells: Synthesis and Stability; In-depth Profiling of Degradation Processes in Nafion Due to Pt Dissolution and Migration into the Membrane; and Quantum Mechanical Calculations of the Degradation Mechanism in Perfluorinated Membranes. Brings together aspects of membrane design, chemical degradation mechanisms and stabilization strategies Emphasizes chemistry of fuel cells, which is underemphasized in other books Includes discussion of fuel cell performance and behavior, analytical profiling methods, and quantum mechanical calculations The Chemistry of Membranes Used in Fuel Cells is an ideal book for polymer scientists, chemists, chemical engineers, electrochemists, material scientists, energy and electrical engineers, and physicists. It is also important for grad students studying advanced polymers and applications.
The main objective of this special collection was to present state-of-the-art advances in the field of solid-solid phase transformations. Volume is indexed by Thomson Reuters CPCI-S (WoS). The 204 peer-reviewed papers were divided into 10 chapters: 1: Displacive Transformations, 2: Diffusional Transformations, 3: Transition by Interface Migration, 4: Order-Disorder Transitions, 5: Phase Transitions and Size Effect, 6: Driven Systems and Phase Transformations, 7: Phase Transformations during Industrial Processing, 8: Amorphous Alloys, Quasicrystals and other Complex Phases, 9: Advances in the Theory and Modeling of Phase Transitions, 10: Advances in Experimental Techniques. The present work will be a useful supplement to the classic textbooks on the subject.
After the 1998 Russian economic crisis, there are opportunities for sustained growth in many countries of the former Soviet Union. Against this backdrop, the authors analyze the dynamics of macroeconomic developments in Eastern Europe and Russia, with attention to problems of international and national integration, "Dutch disease", and more.
'Techno-Economic Paradigms' presents a series of essays discussing one of the most interesting and talked-about socio-economic theories of our times: techno-economic paradigm shifts.