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Drawing on the lessons from successful and unsuccessful attempts at the reform of metropolitan governance, this book identifies ways by which central and metropolitan governments can work better to optimise the potential of each urban region.
In many low and middle income countries, dismal failures in the quality of public service delivery such as absenteeism among teachers and doctors and leakages of public funds have driven the agenda for better governance and accountability. This has raised interest in the idea that citizens can contribute to improved quality of service delivery by holding policy-makers and providers of services accountable. This proposition is particularly resonant when it comes to the human development sectors – health, education and social protection – which involve close interactions between providers and citizens/users of services. Governments, NGOs, and donors alike have been experimenting with various “social accountability” tools that aim to inform citizens and communities about their rights, the standards of service delivery they should expect, and actual performance; and facilitate access to formal redress mechanisms to address service failures. The report reviews how citizens – individually and collectively – can influence service delivery through access to information and opportunities to use it to hold providers – both frontline service providers and program managers – accountable. It focuses on social accountability measures that support the use of information to increase transparency and service delivery and grievance redress mechanisms to help citizens use information to improve accountability. The report takes stock of what is known from international evidence and from within projects supported by the World Bank to identify knowledge gaps, key questions and areas for further work. It synthesizes experience to date; identifies what resources are needed to support more effective use of social accountability tools and approaches; and formulates considerations for their use in human development. The report concludes that the relationships between citizens, policy-makers, program managers, and service providers are complicated, not always direct or easily altered through a single intervention, such as an information campaign or scorecard exercise. The evidence base on social accountability mechanisms in the HD sectors is under development. There is a small but growing set of evaluations which test the impact of information interventions on service delivery and HD outcomes. There is ample space for future experiments to test how to make social accountability work at the country level.
"This book provides examinations of the adoption and impact of e-government"--Provided by publisher.
Cities are without a doubt one of the miracles of human creation and the embodiment of the human environment. Insofar as they are large and densely populated human settlements with defined legal and political boundaries that comprise clusters of buildings, open spaces, public facilities and infrastructure, cities are mainly spaces of services that are exchanged between a wide variety of stakeholders-namely, residents, traders, visitors, and the city authorities. Moreover, the provision of cities' services has profound effect on the local and global sustainability. Thus, municipal services should comprise environmental, social, and economic values, which are designed, produced, and delivered in concert. Over the years, a variety of new urban models and concepts have been designed and proposed as viable means to reestablish the bond between the human and the natural environments, to increase the quality of life within cities and to reduce the impacts that cities have on the social and natural environments (e.g., sustainable city, smart city, or resilient city). Herein, a new model of the service city is presented, including architecture and several pertinent examples, which considers it as a platform that manages and integrates the services and systems currently provided by the city while offering additional supporting services to increase the effectiveness of the value and to achieve the goal of sustainability.
Young Geographer, a series of Geography textbooks for classes 6-8, follows the latest syllabus guidelines of Council for the Indian School Certificate Examinations. The books have an attractive layout and have been designed with interesting features and activities to facilitate students and teachers with better knowledge-sharing sessions.
More than 2.6 billion people in the developing world lack access to safe water and sanitation service. The Millennium Development Goal’s (MDG) target is to halve the number of people without access to a sustainable source of water supply and connection to a sewer network by 2015. That target is unlikely to be met. If there is anything that can be learnt from European experience it is that institutional reform occurs incrementally when politically enfranchised urban populations perceive a threat to their material well-being due to contamination of water sources.
This book presents the Proceedings of The 7th Brazilian Technology Symposium (BTSym'21). The book discusses current technological issues on Systems Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, such as the Transmission Line, Protein-modified mortars, Electromagnetic Properties, Clock Domains, Chebyshev Polynomials, Satellite Control Systems, Hough Transform, Watershed Transform, Blood Smear Images, Toxoplasma Gondi, Operation System Developments, MIMO Systems, Geothermal-Photovoltaic Energy Systems, Mineral Flotation Application, CMOS Techniques, Frameworks Developments, Physiological Parameters Applications, Brain Computer Interface, Artificial Neural Networks, Computational Vision, Security Applications, FPGA Applications, IoT, Residential Automation, Data Acquisition, Industry 4.0, Cyber-Physical Systems, Digital Image Processing, Patters Recognition, Machine Learning, Photocatalytic Process, Physical-chemical analysis, Smoothing Filters, Frequency Synthesizers, Voltage Controlled Ring Oscillator, Difference Amplifier, Photocatalysis, Photodegradation, current technological issues on Human, Smart and Sustainable Future of Cities, such as the Digital Transformation, Data Science, Hydrothermal Dispatch, Project Knowledge Transfer, Immunization Programs, Efficiency and Predictive Methods, PMBOK Applications, Logistics Process, IoT, Data Acquisition, Industry 4.0, Cyber-Physical Systems, Fingerspelling Recognition, Cognitive Ergonomics, Ecosystem services, Environmental, Ecosystem services valuation, Solid Waste and University Extension.
Mobile technology is changing the way government interacts with the public anytime and anywhere. mGovernment is the evolution of eGovernment. Like the evolution of web applications, mobile applications require a process transformation, and not by simply creating wrappers to mobile-enable existing web applications. This IBM® RedpaperTM publication explains what the key focus areas are for implementing a successful mobile government, how to address these focus areas with capabilities from IBM MobileFirstTM enterprise software, and what guidance and preferred practices to offer the IT practitioner in the public sector. This paper explains the key focus areas specific to governments and public sector clients worldwide in terms of enterprise mobility and describes the typical reference architecture for the adoption and implementation of mobile government solutions. This paper provides practical examples through typical use cases and usage scenarios for using the capabilities of the IBM MobileFirst products in the overall solution and provides guidance, preferred practices, and lessons learned to IT consultants and architects working in public sector engagements. The intended audience of this paper includes the following individuals: Client decision makers and solution architects leading mobile enterprise adoption projects in the public sector A wide range of IBM services and sales professionals who are involved in selling IBM software and designing public sector client solutions that include the IBM MobileFirst product suite Solution architects, consultants, and IBM Business Partners responsible for designing and deploying solutions that include the integration of the IBM MobileFirst product suite
This book is a compilation of peer-reviewed papers presented at the International Conference on Machine Intelligence and Data Science Applications, organized by the School of Computer Science, University of Petroleum & Energy Studies, Dehradun, on September 4 and 5, 2020. The book starts by addressing the algorithmic aspect of machine intelligence which includes the framework and optimization of various states of algorithms. Variety of papers related to wide applications in various fields like image processing, natural language processing, computer vision, sentiment analysis, and speech and gesture analysis have been included with upfront details. The book concludes with interdisciplinary applications like legal, health care, smart society, cyber physical system and smart agriculture. The book is a good reference for computer science engineers, lecturers/researchers in machine intelligence discipline and engineering graduates.