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The Space and Naval Warfare (SPAWAR) Systems Center, San Diego (SSC San Diego) Simulation and Human Technology Division has developed and improved its second generation 3-D Volumetric Display System for displaying data, information, and scenes in a three dimensional volume of image space. The system has good potential for many military and commercial applications. Based on a computer controlled laser optics system that projects three laser beams simultaneously onto a 36-inch diameter/18-inch high double helix spinning at 600 revolutions per minute, this system presents 3-D images in an addressable 10 cubic feet of cylindrical volume. This report discusses the four basic disciplines used in development of the Improved Second Generation 3-D Volumetric Display System and provides examples of practical applications of the technology.
The Space and Naval Warfare (SPAWAR) Systems Center, San Diego (SSC San Diego) Simulation and Human Technology Division has developed and improved its second generation 3-D Volumetric Display System for displaying data, information, and scenes in a three dimensional volume of image space. The system has good potential for many military and commercial applications. Based on a computer controlled laser optics system that projects three laser beams simultaneously onto a 36-inch diameter/18-inch high double helix spinning at 600 revolutions per minute, this system presents 3-D images in an addressable 10 cubic feet of cylindrical volume. This report discusses the four basic disciplines used in development of the Improved Second Generation 3-D Volumetric Display System and provides examples of practical applications of the technology.
The Space and Naval Warfare (SPAWAR) Systems Center, San Diego (SSC San Diego) Simulation and Human Technology Division has developed and improved its second-generation 3-D Volumetric Display System for displaying data, information, and scenes in a three-dimensional volume of image space. The system has good potential for many military and commercial applications. Based on a computer-controlled laser optics system that projects three laser beams simultaneously onto a 36-inch diameter/18-inch-high double helix spinning at 600 revolutions per minute, this system presents 3-D images in an addressable 10 cubic feet of cylindrical volume. This report discusses the four basic disciplines used in development of the Improved Second-Generation 3-D Volumetric Display System and provides examples of practical applications of the technology.
NRaD, the RDT & E Division of the Naval Command, Control and Ocean Surveillance Center (NCCOSC), has developed and improved its second-generation device for displaying data, information, and scenes in a three-dimensional volume of image space. The device incorporates a 36-inch diameter double helix that spins at approximately 10 revolutions per second, providing a means to address a cylindrical volume. Under computer control, a laser beam is directed to illuminate certain discrete volume points (voxels) on the helix needed to create a scene. The laser light scatters from the surface of the helix, so, to the observer, each voxel appears to emanate from specific points in space. Each point has x-y coordinates determined by the position of the laser beam and a z coordinate determined by the height of the point on the helical surface. Any point within the cylindrical image volume can be computer-addressed to appropriately synchronize the laser beam, the Acousto-Optic (AO) Scanner, and the phase of the helix. Using a novel Acousto-Optic (AO) Random-Access Scanner, up to 40,000 laser-generated voxels refreshed at 20 Hz per color are projected onto the reflective surface of the rotating helix. (This is about 10 times more than the current state of the art.) The higher resolution allows improved color images, updated in real-time, for group viewing with the naked eye.
This book builds on a previous work (‘Creative 3-D Display and Interaction Interfaces’) but may be read as a stand-alone book. A trans-disciplinary approach is adopted thereby making the content accessible to wide-ranging audiences from both the sciences and humanities. Additionally, the book is highly relevant to computer users who would like to learn more about new approaches to computer interaction, to those wishing to develop new forms of creative digital media and to those within industry who are involved in the advancement of computers and computer related products.
A comprehensive study of approaches to three-dimensional visualization by volumetric display systems This groundbreaking volume provides an unbiased and in-depth discussion on a broad range of volumetric three-dimensional display systems. It examines the history, development, design, and future of these displays, and considers their potential for application to key areas in which visualization plays a major role. Drawing substantially on material that was previously unpublished or available only in patent form, the authors establish the first comprehensive technical and mathematical formalization of the field, and examine a number of different volumetric architectures. System level design strategies are presented, from which proposals for the next generation of high-definition predictable volumetric systems are developed. To ensure that researchers will benefit from work already completed, they provide: * Descriptions of several recent volumetric display systems prepared from material supplied by the teams that created them * An abstract volumetric display system design paradigm * An historical summary of 90 years of development in volumetric display system technology * An assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of many of the systems proposed to date * A unified presentation of the underlying principles of volumetric display systems * A comprehensive bibliography Beautifully supplemented with 17 color plates that illustrate volumetric images and prototype displays, Volumetric Three-Dimensional Display Systems is an indispensable resource for professionals in imaging systems development, scientific visualization, medical imaging, computer graphics, aerospace, military planning, and CAD/CAE.
There is a blind spot in recent accounts of the history, theory and aesthetics of optical media: namely, the field of the three-dimensional, or trans-plane, image. It has been widely used in the 20th century for very different practices - military, scientific and medical visualization - precisely because it can provide more spatial information. And now in the 21st century, television and film are employing the method even more. Appearing for the first time in English, Jens Schroeter's comprehensive study of the aesthetics of the 3D image is a major scholarly addition to this evolving field. Citing case studies from the history of both technology and the arts, this wide-ranging and authoritative book charts the development in the theory and practice of three-dimensional images. Discussing and analyzing the transformation of the socio-cultural and technological milieu, Schroeter has produced a work of scholarship that combines impressive historical scope with contemporary theoretical arguments.
Screen-based media, such as touch-screens, navigation systems and virtual reality applications merge images and operations. They turn viewing first and foremost into using and reflect the turn towards an active role of the image in guiding a user’s action and perception. From professional environments to everyday life multiple configurations of screens organise working routines, structure interaction, and situate users in space both within and beyond the boundaries of the screen. This volume examines the linking of screen, space, and operation in fields such as remote navigation, architecture, medicine, interface design, and film production asking how the interaction with and through screens structures their users’ action and perception.
This work contains the state-of-the-art in Virtual Reality as applied to Medicine. Interactive technology, used in many research and development programs, can be applied to health care by involving: robotics, computer vision, simulation, artificial intelligence, image manipulation and storage, data gloves, man-machine interfaces, etc. The Health Telematics Application Program, for example, is advancing virtual reality and enabling technologies (simulation, visualization and robotics) in health care services for patients, the elderly and persons with disabilities. This book addresses the following items from the end-user's perspective: technology transfer, telerobotics, telemedicine, education and training, and virtual reality. 'the book would (...) be useful for those researching interactive technologies in health care, especially virtual reality (...). It would be also of interest to people who want to keep abreast of the latest developments in techno-medical research.' - Rod Elford, Telemedicine Centre, Memorial University St John's, Newfoundland, Canada Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare, volume 2, no. 3, 1996, p. 178 Covered by Current Contents, Life Sciences (ISI), volume 38, no. 34, August 1995, p. 11-13