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When is language considered 'impolite'? Is impolite language only used for anti-social purposes? Can impolite language be creative? What is the difference between 'impoliteness' and 'rudeness'? Grounded in naturally-occurring language data and drawing on findings from linguistic pragmatics and social psychology, Jonathan Culpeper provides a fascinating account of how impolite behaviour works. He examines not only its forms and functions but also people's understandings of it in both public and private contexts. He reveals, for example, the emotional consequences of impoliteness, how it shapes and is shaped by contexts, and how it is sometimes institutionalised. This book offers penetrating insights into a hitherto neglected and poorly understood phenomenon. It will be welcomed by students and researchers in linguistics and social psychology in particular.
The volume addresses the enormous imbalance that exists between academic interest in politeness phenomena when compared to impoliteness phenomena. Researchers working with Brown and Levinson's ([1978] 1987) seminal work on politeness rarely focused explicitly on impoliteness. As a result, only one aspect of facework/relational work has been studied in detail. Next to this research desideratum, politeness research is on the move again, with alternative conceptions of politeness to those of Brown and Levinson being further developed. In this volume researchers present, discuss and explore the concept of linguistic impoliteness, the crucial differences and interconnectedness between lay understandings of impoliteness and the academic concept within a theory of facework/relational work, as well as the exercise of power that is involved when impoliteness occurs. The authors offer solid discussions of the theoretical issues involved and draw on data from political interaction, interaction with legally constituted authorities, workplace interaction in the factory and the office, code-switching and Internet practices. The collection offers inspiration for research on impoliteness in many different research fields, such as (critical) discourse analysis, conversation analysis, pragmatics and stylistics, as well as linguistic approaches to studies in conflict and conflict resolution.
This study concerns the nature of impoliteness in face-to-face spoken interaction. For more than three decades many pragmatic and sociolinguistic studies of interaction have considered politeness to be one central explanatory concept governing and underpinning face-to-face interaction. Politeness' "evil twin" impoliteness has been largely neglected until only very recently. This book, the first of its kind on the subject, considers the role that impoliteness has to play by drawing extracts from a range of discourse types (car parking disputes, army and police training, police-public interactions and kitchen discourse). The study considers the triggering of impoliteness; explores the dynamic progression of impolite exchanges, and examines the way in which such exchanges come to some form of resolution. 'Face' and the linguistic sophistication and manipulation of discoursally expected norms to cause, or deflect impoliteness is also explored, as is the dynamic and sometimes hotly contested nature of an individual's socio-discoursal role.
Seminar paper from the year 2017 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Other, grade: 2,0, Technical University of Braunschweig (Institut für Anglistik und Amerikanistik), language: English, abstract: This research paper focuses mainly on the relationship between impoliteness and humor in comedy series. In the following I will name the research questions I'm dealing with in this paper. What makes the character Sheldon Cooper a funny character? How is it possible for an almost misanthropic character like him to create humor and to entertain an audience? What are the reasons for his impolite nature and in what way are they presented? My hypothesis is that The Big Bang Theory uses impoliteness and power relations to create a specific type of humor, which is able to make even an antisocial character likable and congenial. In order to test my hypothesis, I reviewed the Politeness Strategies by Brown and Levinson (1978) and the Impoliteness Strategies by Culpeper (2005). Furthermore I made researches about the connection between power and impoliteness and their relation to humor. During the procedure I matched the received information with inserted data from the sitcom in order to learn about their effects on spectators. Based on the findings I received during my research, one can say that the combination of impoliteness and power leads under specific conditions to amusement and enjoyment within the audience. Taking into account different factors, can turn an offensive utterance or even a conflict between two or more people into a tool of humor and thus cause delight for observers. The main conclusions of this paper are, that Sheldon Cooper's behavior perfectly matches the Impoliteness Strategies by Culpeper (2005), that power plays a significant role in creating impoliteness and that impoliteness and conflict are strongly connected to humor.
Pragmatics of society takes a socio-cultural perspective on pragmatics and gives a broad view of how social and cultural factors influence language use. The volume covers a wide range of topics within the field of sociopragmatics. This subfield of pragmatics encompasses sociolinguistic studies that focus on how pragmatic and discourse features vary according to macro-sociological variables such as age, gender, class and region (variational pragmatics), and discourse/conversation analytical studies investigating variation according to the activity engaged in by the participants and the identities displayed as relevant in interaction. The volume also covers studies in linguistic pragmatics with a more general socio-cultural focus, including global and intercultural communication, politeness, critical discourse analysis and linguistic anthropology. Each article presents the state-of-the-art of the topic at hand, as well as new research.
The book presents the issue of impoliteness in media discourse found in television debates, films and computer-mediated communication. The research perspectives adopted in the book include prosody studies, corpus linguistics, neo-Gricean pragmatics, media studies and audiovisual translation.
Mouton Series in Pragmatics (MSP) is a timely response to the growing demand for innovative and authoritative monographs and edited volumes from all angles of pragmatics. Recent theoretical work on the semantics/pragmatics interface, applications of evolutionary biology to the study of language, and empirical work within cognitive and developmental psychology and intercultural communication has directed attention to issues that warrant reexamination, as well as revision of some of the central tenets and claims of the field of pragmatics. The series welcomes proposals that reflect this endeavour and exploration within the discipline and neighboring fields such as language philosophy, communication, information science, sociolinguistics, second language acquisition and cognitive science. MSP will provide a forum for authors who represent different subfields of pragmatics including the linguistic, cognitive, social, and intercultural paradigms, and have important and intriguing ideas and research findings to share with scholars who are interested in linguistics in general and pragmatics in particular.
Gender and Politeness challenges the notion that women are necessarily always more polite than men as much of the language and gender literature claims. Sara Mills discusses the complex relations between gender and politeness and argues that although there are circumstances when women speakers, drawing on stereotypes of femininity to guide their behaviour, will appear to be acting in a more polite way than men, there are many circumstances where women will act just as impolitely as men.
The International Encyclopedia of Language and Social Interaction is an invaluable reference work featuring contributions from leading global scholars, available both online and as a three-volume print set. The definitive international reference work on a topic of major and increasing importance, in a new series of sub-disciplinary international encyclopedias Provides state-of-the-art research for scholars in a highly interactive and accessible format, available both online and as a three-volume print set Covers key research topics in the field with contributions from a team of experienced, global editors Successfully brings into a single source, explication of all of the fascinating and ground-breaking Language and Social Interaction work developing globally and across subjects Part of The Wiley Blackwell-ICA International Encyclopedias of Communication series, published in conjunction with the International Communication Association. Online version available at www.wileyicaencyclopedia.com
Dealing with the concepts of inclusion and exclusion encoded linguistically, both implicitly and explicitly, this book develops an original framework for the analysis of these phenomena in political discourse. The approach taken situates political discourse in a broader context of social and psychological relations between groups and their members which influence the manner in which the speaker’s message is constructed and construed by individuals. The present study proposes a pragmatic-cognitive model which underlies and explains the discursive representation of belongingness and dissociation in terms of the conceptual location of various discourse entities in the Discourse Space (cf. Chilton 2005). The model in question is concerned with three mechanisms which, combined, form a fully-fledged apparatus for the analysis of the legitimising power of association and dissociation in political discourse through positive self and negative other presentation tactics. The study is a theoretical enterprise which, however, includes a comprehensive empirical part whose aim is to evaluate and confirm the theoretical assumptions made. The focus is essentially on the relationship between the speaker and the addressees and the speaker’s attempt to maintain it discursively. Thus, Clusivity: A New Approach to Association and Dissociation in Political Discourse will appeal to discourse analysts, pragmaticians, and cognitive analysts, as well as to political and social sciences analysts, social psychologists, journalists and speechwriters.