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This Phase 4 report on Luxembourg by the OECD Working Group on Bribery evaluates and makes recommendations on Luxembourg’s implementation of the Convention on Combating Bribery of Foreign Public Officials in International Business Transactions and the 2021 Recommendation of the Council for Further Combating Bribery of Foreign Public Officials in International Business Transactions.
The OECD Public Integrity Handbook provides guidance to government, business and civil society on implementing the OECD Recommendation on Public Integrity. The Handbook clarifies what the Recommendation’s thirteen principles mean in practice and identifies challenges in implementing them.
Non-trial resolutions, often referred to as settlements, have been the predominant means of enforcing foreign bribery and other related offences since the entry into force of the OECD Anti-Bribery Convention 20 years ago. The last decade has seen a steady increase in the use of coordinated multi-jurisdictional non-trial resolutions, which have, to date, permitted the highest global amount of combined financial penalties in foreign bribery cases. This study is the first cross-country examination of the different types of resolutions that can be used to resolve foreign bribery cases.
This report describes what Luxembourg is doing to implement the OECD Anti-Bribery Convention.
This report describes what the United Kingdom is doing to implement the OECD Anti-Bribery Convention.
This publication identifies the main areas of weakness and potential areas for action to combat money-laundering, tax evasion, foreign bribery, and to identify, freeze and return stolen assets.
This report describes what Belgium is doing to implement the OECD Anti-Bribery Convention.
It is a conservative estimate that every year, through corruption, between 20 billion dollars and 40 billion dollars are diverted from developing countries and find safe haven in foreign jurisdictions. In several countries that are party to the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) anti-bribery convention, a very high proportion of cases of foreign bribery and related offenses have been resolved short of a full trial. Anticorruption practitioners and policy makers in countries where officials were allegedly bribed have (along with other interested stakeholders) therefore raised concerns about whether settlements might impede their own criminal or enforcement investigations and affect the liability of multinational companies in third countries. This study seeks to fill knowledge gap by: (i) informing policy makers and practitioners about the frameworks for settlements in various legal systems, (ii) examining settlements in practice and their implications for international cooperation, and (iii) analyzing how settlements relate to asset recovery in foreign bribery cases. An additional goal is to inform the general public (including civil society organizations) about these frameworks. This study describes and analyzes, both qualitatively and quantitatively, settlements in cases of foreign bribery and related offenses, and their implications for international cooperation and asset recovery. This report is structured as follows: chapter one adopts a broad definition of settlements as various procedures short of trials and analyzes the legal frameworks in a number of civil and common law countries. Chapter two traces the general trends and developments in settlements and considers the rationale for settlements. Chapter three analyzes the impact of settlements in one jurisdiction on pending and future investigations in other countries. Chapter four explores the link between asset recovery and settlements through the lens of United Nations Convention against Corruption (UNCAC). Chapter five offers conclusions. Chapter six presents detailed summaries of 14 significant cases.
This handbook provides guidance for the assessment teams and the reviewed jurisdictions that are participating in the Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes (the “Global Forum”) peer reviews and non-member reviews.
Anti-corruption programmes, projects and campaigns have come to constitute an essential aspect of good governance promotion over the last two decades. The post-communist countries in Eastern Europe have presented one of the first key targets of transnational anti-corruption efforts, and indeed most of these countries have shown an impressive record of respective measures. Yet path-breaking institutional and policy developments have not set in before the mid-2000s both at the international level and in most Eastern European countries. Are these the beginnings of a mutually synergetic success story? In order to answer this question, we need to better understand the complex interplay between the international and domestic domains in this policy field and geographic region. This book provides in-depth and comparative insights about this interplay, with a particular focus on the involvement of domestic social movements, governmental political machines and international legal mechanisms. We find that, on all three levels of analysis, political and material interests of relevant actors are complemented and at times contradicted by normative claims. Moreover, at the interfaces of the three levels, coincidental and spontaneous developments have largely outweighed systematic implementation and coordination of appropriate anti-corruption strategies. This book is based on a special issue of Global Crime.