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This study documents relationships between intelligent compaction measurement values (IC-MVs) and various insitu point measurement techniques for monitoring compaction of non-granular and granular materials. Factors affecting correlations are discussed (e.g., soil type, moisture contents, stress level, etc.). Measurements from earth pressure cells document the relationship between in-ground stresses for rollers and various in-situ test methods. Comparisons were made between test roller rut depth measurements and IC-MVs and various point measurements as a quality assurance (QA) check for the subgrade pavement foundation layer. It was concluded that IC-MVs and in-situ point measurements can serve as reliable alternatives to test rolling. Site specific target values were calculated for IC-MVs, dynamic cone penetrometer (DCP), light weight deflectometer, (LWD), and shear strength. Measurement error and protocols for field testing were evaluated for LWDs. Laboratory compacted samples were used to assess an approach for determining LWD field target values. Future research is recommended to evaluate this approach for materials on a state-wide basis. Results from field studies were used to develop four IC specification options. Three specifications do not require on-site roller calibration. One specification option requires on-site calibration of IC-MVs and in-situ point measurements. This specification option has the advantages of quantifying risk, establishing a framework for a performance specification, providing information for incentive-based pay, and better linking as-built quality to long-term performance. An IC training/certification program, new IC field data analysis tools, and additional pilot projects will assist with greater implementation of these technologies.
Intelligent compaction (IC) technology integrated with global positioning system (GPS) provides 100 percent coverage for compacted earth materials and hot mix asphalt (HMA) conditions. Using IC shows significant potential for enhancing the abilities of governmental agencies and contractors to construct better, safer, and less expensive transportation infrastructure projects. The Iowa Department of Transportation (DOT) and the Earthworks Engineering Research Center (EERC) at Iowa State University have organized three national level annual workshops (2008-2010) to provide a collaborative exchange of ideas and experiences, share research results, and develop research, education, and implementation initiatives for IC.
The objective of this project was to provide a qualitative assessment of the Minnesota Department of Transportation's Intelligent Compaction (IC) Specifications. IC is an attractive approach to evaluate the compaction quality because it involves continuous and instantaneous evaluation of the soil through machine-drive power or drum vibration monitoring. Four construction sites utilizing IC were visited: (1) TH 36 in North St. Paul, involving both granular and nongranular soils; (2) US 10 in Staples, with granular soil; (3) TH 60 in Bigelow, with nongranular soil; (4) US 10 in Detroit Lakes, involving both granular and nongranular soils. The report integrates comments from the four site visits and provides an interpretation on the use of IC at each site. As the technology now exists on the equipment used at these locations, IC provides only an index, which is specific to the conditions associated with a particular site. An interpretation of comments provided the basis for the following recommendations: Use light weight deflectometers (LWD) for quality assurance of stiffness; Establish a procedure to determine the target LWD value; Eliminate calibration areas (control strips); Simplify IC data evaluation and presentation; Calibrate the IC roller and related transducers; Support development of alternative IC methodologies; Simplify or eliminate moisture corrections.
TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 676: Intelligent Soil Compaction Systems explores intelligent compaction, a new method of achieving and documenting compaction requirements. Intelligent compaction uses continuous compaction-roller vibration monitoring to assess mechanistic soil properties, continuous modification/adaptation of roller vibration amplitude and frequency to ensure optimum compaction, and full-time monitoring by an integrated global positioning system to provide a complete GPS-based record of the compacted area--
This report from the second Strategic Highway Research Program (SHRP 2), which is administered by the Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, describes suggested performance specifications for different application areas and delivery methods that users may tailor to address rapid highway renewal project-specific goals and conditions.
This document summarizes the discussion and findings of a workshop on intelligent compaction for soils and hot-mix asphalt held in West Des Moines, Iowa, on April 2-4, 2008. The objective of the meeting was to provide a collaborative exchange of ideas for developing research initiatives that accelerate implementation of intelligent compaction (IC) technologies for soil, aggregates, and hot mix asphalt. Technical presentations, working breakout sessions, a panel discussion, and a group implementation strategy session comprised the workshop activities. About 100 attendees representing state departments of transportation, Federal Highway Administration, contractors, equipment manufacturers, and researchers participated in the workshop.
The successful implementation of intelligent compaction technology into earthwork construction practice requires knowledge of the roller-integrated compaction measurements and their relationships with the engineering and index properties of soil that may be used for pavement design (e.g. California bearing ratio, elastic modulus, resilient modulus). These relationships were studied at three earthwork construction projects in Minnesota. In these field studies, intelligent compaction and in-situ test data were collected to demonstrate use of the various technologies, characterize the variation associated with each measurement system, and ultimately aid performance of regression analyses. For the pilot study at TH 64, a GIS database was created with roller data and parallel quality assurance data to demonstrate one method for managing large quantities of data. Spatial statistics were also determined using variogram modeling and discussed with regards to their potential for characterizing uniformity. A laboratory compaction study using different compaction methods (e.g. static, impact, gyratory, and vibratory) was conducted to show different moisture-density-compaction energy relationships for granular and cohesive soils. Resilient modulus test results showed that vibratory and impact compaction methods produce higher-modulus samples than static compaction. The findings from field studies of intelligent compaction systems provide the basis for developing QC/QA guidelines regarding effective and appropriate use of the technology. These recommendations, along with a brief summary of European specifications for continuous compaction control, are provided in the report.
TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 676: Intelligent Soil Compaction Systems explores intelligent compaction, a new method of achieving and documenting compaction requirements. Intelligent compaction uses continuous compaction-roller vibration monitoring to assess mechanistic soil properties, continuous modification/adaptation of roller vibration amplitude and frequency to ensure optimum compaction, and full-time monitoring by an integrated global positioning system to provide a complete GPS-based record of the compacted area--
This publication provides a guide to the Minnesota Department of Transportation's current research activities.