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This timely volume brings together a roster of experienced educators and researchers to address the African American achievement gap in higher education. The text provides an overview of recent research on the learning characteristics of African American university students and uses those findings to identify major issues and to foster new and productive inquiry and educational activities. Encompassing both traditional and virtual classrooms, the authors provide research-based strategies that higher-education faculty can use to design courses, pedagogy, and assessments that reach out to all learners in a fair and equitable manner. To help universities close the achievement gap, this book: Describes how African American, hip-hop, and school cultures influence learning and achievement. Identifies racial challenges and offers practical strategies for creating and teaching culturally responsive traditional and online courses. Includes sample lessons and assessment resources that implement many of the strategies described in the book.
This volume highlights approaches to closing the achievement gap for students of color across K-12 and post-secondary schooling. It uniquely examines factors outside the classroom to consider how these influence student identity and academic performance. Teaching to Close the Achievement Gap for Students of Color offers wide-ranging chapters that explore non-curricular issues including trauma, family background, restorative justice, refugee experiences, and sport as determinants of student and teacher experiences in the classroom. Through rigorous empirical and theoretical engagement, chapters identify culturally responsive strategies for supporting students as they navigate formal and informal educational opportunities and overcome intersectional barriers to success. In particular, chapters highlight how these approaches can be nurtured through teacher education, effective educational leadership, and engagement across the wider community. This insightful collection will be of interest to researchers, scholars, and post-graduate students in the fields of teacher education, sociology of education, and educational leadership.
This mixed-methods study of 157 disadvantaged African-American students and six teachers investigated the effectiveness of an after-school tutoring program in improving students' grades. The reading, English language arts and mathematics grades of student participants were compared using independent t-tests and analysis of variance. The grades of participants were also compared to corresponding grades of non-participants. Results showed significant benefits in all areas. The author asserts that there exists a better way to educate African-American students and assure greater academic success.
Pathways to Academic Success in Higher Education examines two major challenges facing the nation: preparing high school students for college and creating new pathways to academic success for underrepresented students in higher education.
Opportunity Programs such as Educational Opportunity Programs (EOP) have been institutionalized for over forty years. Emerging out of the Civil Rights movement, EOP and similar programs have helped to compensate economically and academically disadvantaged students to not only gain admission to colleges and universities by providing them with a leg up, but to also academically and financially support them through college completion. In New York, for example, it has been reported that over 100,000 students have been served since the statutory adoption of HEOP, one of four Opportunity programs founded in the late 1960's. Despite the numbers served, only one third to one half of enrolled students have completed their college degree. In an era of accountability this doesn't bode well, especially in light of New York's $1.2 billion budgetary gap. Thus, to inform public policy of the impact of Educational Opportunity Programs, a more systematic examination of program effectiveness is essential. Through a comprehensive review of empirical literature, this thesis utilizes Astin's Input, Environment, and Output conceptual model for assessment (1993) to identify individual student factors (Input) and programmatic factors (Environment) that contribute to EOP effectiveness (Output). While the EOP literature left much to be explored, the thesis was supplemented with studies from both college access and college student retention. Together, they provided a comprehensive perspective on the challenges and opportunities EOP students encounter on their way to and while enrolled in college that affects their college outcome.
Talking College shows that language is fundamental to Black and African American culture and that linguistic justice is crucial to advancing racial justice, both on college campuses and throughout society. Writing from a linguistics-informed, Black-centered educational framework, the authors draw extensively on Black college students’ lived experiences to present key ideas about African American English and Black language practices. The text presents a model of how Black students navigate the linguistic expectations of college. Grounded in real-world examples of Black undergraduates attending colleges and universities across the United States, the model illustrates the linguistic and cultural balancing acts that arise as Black students work to develop their full linguistic selves. Talking College provides Black students with the knowledge they need to make sense of anti-Black linguistic racism and to make decisions about their linguistic experiences in college. It also offers key insights to help college faculty and staff create the liberating and linguistically just educational community that Black students deserve. Book Features: Weaves together information and approaches drawn from the authors’ extensive experience working with Black and other students of color in higher education.Provides an up-to-date discussion of Black language practices and their role in Black students’ college experiences.Discusses the racial politics of language, including anti-Black linguistic racism and the struggle for linguistic justice as part of racial justice.Offers a detailed model of Black college students’ diverse linguistic and racial identities. Outlines concrete steps toward racial and linguistic justice that students and faculty can take today.Accessible to students and faculty without a background in linguistics, while also engaging and informative for linguistics scholars.
How can it be that 50 years after the passage of the Civil Rights Act, our institutions of higher education have still not found ways of reducing the higher education gaps for racial and ethnic groups? That is the question that informs and animates the Equity Scorecard model of organizational change. It shifts institutions’ focus from what students do (or fail to do) to what institutions can do—through their practices and structures, as well as the actions of their leaders and faculty—to produce equity in outcomes for racially marginalized populations. Drawing on the theory of action research, it creates a structure for practitioners to become investigators of their own institutional culture, to become aware of racial disparities, confront their own practices and learn how things are done on their own turf to ask: In what ways am I contributing to equity/inequity?The Equity Scorecard model differs significantly from traditional approaches to effecting change by creating institutional teams to examine and discuss internal data about student outcomes, disaggregated by race and ethnicity. The premise of the project is that institutional data acts as a powerful trigger for group learning about inequities in educational outcomes, and that the likelihood of improving those outcomes increases if the focus is on those things within the immediate control of the participating leaders and practitioners.Numerous institutions have successfully used The Equity Scorecard’s data tools and processes of self-reflection to uncover and document the behaviors and structures that lead to failure to retain and graduate students from diverse racial and ethnic backgrounds with a history of unequal opportunity; and to create the climate for faculty and staff to take ownership of the issues and develop sustainable practices to eliminate racial disparities in academic performance.The Scorecard can be used at a small-scale to analyze individual courses or programs, as well as broader institutional issues.This book presents the underlying concept of funds of knowledge for race-conscious expertise that informs this process, describes its underlying theories; defines the attributes needed to achieve equity-minded practice; demonstrates, through examples of implementation, what different institutions have learned, and what they have achieved; and provides a blueprint for action for higher education as a whole. For college leaders, instructors and support staff who feel the pressure—moral or otherwise—to close the racial equity gap that their institutions produce year after year, this book provides the structure, knowledge and tools to do so. It is also of value to scholars and students of higher education who have an interest in the study of organizational change.