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No detailed description available for "Immunopharmacology of endotoxicosis".
No detailed description available for "Immunopharmacology of endotoxicosis".
Endotoxins are constituents of all gram negative bacteria, as well as many other microorganisms. Since their original discovery and study at the beginning and middle parts of this century, many investigations have been performed concerning their immunochemistry and physicochemistry, as well as their pharmacologic activities and physiologic effects on the host. It became widely recognized during the beginning of this century that the pyrogenicity of many microbial infections may be associated with endotoxins. Furthermore, some 80 years ago, attempts were begun to "treat" a variety of illnesses including neoplasia, with such "pyrogens", Le. , bacterial endo toxins. Inconclusive results were observed including some detrimental ones as well as, in some cases, beneficial ones. It became widely accepted that during infections with many gram negative organisms the fever occurring in patients, as well as many of the untoward pathophysiological effects of the infections, seemed to be due to the endotoxin the bacteria contained or released. In this regard, septic shock has been studied in detail by many clinicians, physiologists and pharmacologists and attempts have been made to relate the devastating effects of infection on metabolic and physiologic alterations caused by endotoxins. Recently, however, many beneficial effects of endotoxin have also been studied.
First multi-year cumulation covers six years: 1965-70.
The number of factors implicated in the regulation of cell proliferation and differentiation is already considerable and more are continually being identified. This book concentrates on tumor necrosis factor (cachectin) and lymphotoxin, but includes observations of their interactions with other cytokines, especially the interferons and interleukins. TNF can be either cytostatic or cytotoxic to cultured cell lines, and a variety of mechanisms are proposed, ranging from DNA fragmentation to activation of phospholiopases. TNF is also reported to stimulate the growth of normal fibroblasts in vivo. The in vivo actions of TNF described here include haemorrhagic necrosis of tumors, cachexia, effects on the vasculature, and antiparasitic and antiviral activities. Also presented is some interesting data from the first stages of clinical trials of TNF as an anticancer agent.
No detailed description available for "Peptide Hormone Receptors".
No detailed description available for "Receptor Mediated Antisteroid Action".
This volume is based on the proceedings of the International Symposium on Bacterial Endotoxins held in Japan. May 11-14. 1988 and sponsored by the International Endotoxin Society and the International Society for Immuno pharmacology. Speakers and participants of this symposium provided new information concerning fundamental and clinical aspects of endotoxin research conducted over the last half decade or so. Advances have been made in understanding the structure and nature of endotoxin molecules and their effects on a wide variety of both cellular and subcellular aspects, of immunity. metabolism and physiology. both in vivo and in vitro. Endotoxins are constituents of gram negative bacteria. Since their original discovery in the nineteenth century. many laboratories studied their chemical composition. their physico- and immunochemica1 properties. as well as their pharmacological and physiological effects on the host. Much is now known about the chemical structure of the endotoxins. There is also a grow ing body of information concerning the multiple effects of endotoxins on the host including immune mechanisms. Some effects have been found to be benefi cial to the host and endotoxins are being used more frequently to induce important mediators of immunity as well as increasing resistance against infections by many microorganisms as well as inhibiting growth of tumors in experimental animal models and in man.