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Humans coexist with millions of harmless microorganisms, but emerging diseases, resistance to antibiotics, and the threat of bioterrorism are forcing scientists to look for new ways to confront the microbes that do pose a danger. This report identifies innovative approaches to the development of antimicrobial drugs and vaccines based on a greater understanding of how the human immune system interacts with both good and bad microbes. The report concludes that the development of a single superdrug to fight all infectious agents is unrealistic.
Biomaterials have existed for millennia as mechanical replacement structures following disease or injury. Biomaterial design has changed markedly from structural support with an "inert immune profile as the primary objective to designs that elicit an integrative local tissue response and a pro-repair immune cell phenotype. Immunomodulatory Biomaterials: Regulating the Immune Response with Biomaterials to Affect Clinical Outcome offers a single, comprehensive reference on biomaterials for modulation of the host response, for materials scientists, tissue engineers and those working in regenerative medicine. This book details methods, materials and strategies designed to regulate the host immune response following surgical implantation and thus facilitate specific local cell infiltration and tissue deposition. There has been a dramatic transformation in our understanding of the role of the immune system, both innate and adaptive; these changes include recognition of the plasticity of immune cells, especially macrophages, cross-talk between the immune system and stem cells, and the necessity for in situ transition between inflammatory and regulatory immune cell phenotypes. The exploitation of these findings and the design and manufacture of new biomaterials is occurring at an astounding pace. There is currently no book directed at the interdisciplinary principles guiding the design, manufacture, testing, and clinical translation of biomaterials that proactively regulate the host tissue immune response. The challenge for academia, industry, and regulatory agencies to encourage innovation while assuring safety and maximizing efficacy has never been greater. Given the highly interdisciplinary requirements for the design, manufacture and use of immunomodulatory biomaterials, this book will prove a useful single resource across disciplines. - Holistically covers the design, manufacture, testing, and clinical translation of biomaterials that proactively regulate the host tissue immune response - Provides a single reference for understanding and utilizing the host response in biomaterials design - An international collaboration of leading researchers in the field offering a novel insight into this fast-growing area
The interactions of the biomaterials with the host immune system is crucial for their functionality. This book aims to provide the reader with a better understanding of the role of the immune system in biomaterial applications. For this end, the book has dedicated chapters for i) explaining immune cells taking part in immune response to biomaterials/immune systems interface; ii) the effect of biomaterial shape, form and physicochemical properties on the response of immune system; iii) biofilm formation on implanted materials as a failure of immune system/biomaterial interactions; iv) tissue-specific effects of immune response and its consequences for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine; v) immune reaction in a clinical context (periodontology). In the field of biomaterials there are significant advances in using immunomodulation techniques to improve the success rates of implantable materials. For better understanding of such techniques it is required to have a full grasp of the biomaterial–immune system interactions. This would greatly enhance the understanding of why the human body reacts to implants in a certain way and how to improve the clinical outcomes by developing immune-instructive biomaterials. Provides keen insight into biomaterial–immune cell interactions Presents an explanation of state-of-the-art methodologies in immunomodulation Offers a concise and simple-to-understand treatment of biomaterial–immune cell interactions for materials scientists in a biology heavy topic Explores a comprehensive overview of biomaterial related complications Provides extensive references at the end of each chapter to enhance study for this very hot research area
The way in which probiotics work is still not clearly defined, but it is becoming more and more apparent that immune stimulation is an important feature in some of the observed effects. In the previous two books in this series the scientific basis and the practical applications were considered. It seemed that the immunogenic potential of probiotics merited a book of its own with experts from all over the world covering the general effect of the gut microflora on immunity as well as the particular response that pro biotic microorganisms generate. The importance of immune stimulation by probiotic organisms cannot be overemphasised. It opens up the technique for use, not only as a treatment for intestinal diseases, but also as a treatment that could be effective against infections outside the gastrointestinal tract. This book considers how the body reacts to the presence of orally administered microorganisms (normally lactic acid bacteria). The responses may be in the form of antibodies (lgA, IgG, IgM), cytokines, killer cells or macrophage activity. Do these responses result in antagonism of the stimulating bacteria, do they affect the composition of the indigenous gut microflora and are they sufficienty strong to kill bacterial pathogens or tumour cells? Where we have answers these will be reported and discussed; where there are no answers there will be speculation and prediction.
An easy-to-read survey of all the latest developments in molecular cardiologic research and therapy. The authors explain in a readable style the complex process of the heart's development, the molecular basis of cardiovascular diseases, and the translation of these research advances to actual clinical treatments. The expert information provided here serves as an invaluable building block for novel treatments of cardiovascular diseases and includes a comprehensive discussion of cardiac function and dysfunction, coronary artery disease, cardiac arrhythmias, vascular diseases, and risk factors for cardiovascular disease. These state-of-the-art approaches to molecular cardiologic research include critical discussion of such topics as the molecular events that regulate angiogenesis and the potential for angiogenic therapy, emerging therapies for arrhythmias, and a description of the molecular biology of aging and its impact on the cardiovascular system.
The medicinal uses of Curcumin (also called turmeric) have been known and described for more than 5000 years. A large body of recent research suggests that curcumin is potentially useful in the treatment of inflammatory diseases, through modulation of numerous molecular targets. This is the first monograph to focus on the potential use of curcumin in the treatment of cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, arthritis, Alzheimer’s, psoriasis and more.
Immune Rebalancing: The Future of Immunosuppression summarizes the most promising perspectives of immunopharmacology, in particular in the area of immunosuppression by considering molecular pathways, personalized medicine, microbiome and nanomedicine. Modulation of immune responses for therapeutic purposes is a particularly relevant area, given the central role of anomalous immunity in diseases. These diseases vary from the most typically immune-related syndromes (autoimmune diseases, allergy and asthma, immunodeficiencies) to those in which altered immunity and inflammation define the pathological outcomes (chronic infections, tumours, chronic inflammatory and degenerative diseases, metabolic disorders, etc. - Visits immunosuppression from a modern point of view of signalling mechanisms at the light of the current knowledge of signalling mechanisms and regulatory networks allows the reader to formulate new ideas and concepts on how to use immunosuppression the therapeutic purposes - Encourages researchers to engage into exploring the field of pharmacological modulation of immune responses in depth, and with the new knowledge and tools available, designs more effective therapeutic strategies to autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, cancer, degenerative diseases and infections - Examines the link between molecular pathways associated to immune-suppression and the new immunopharmacology approaches - Provides information on the new strategies for drug development in this field - Considers the role of microbes in the development of the mammalian immune system and immune responses, which will widen the reader's strategy for addressing therapeutic immune modulations
In the current digital age, everybody has heard something about natural immunomodulators, but the real knowledge is limited and confusing. Some people do not believe at all, while some have unrealistic expectations. There is a lot of information on the web, but some of the information is too scientific, and therefore difficult for the general public to understand, and some of the information is commercially-driven and more often than not inaccurate. With more than 30 years of supplements research under my belt, I am confident that I can provide both scientific and reliable information about natural supplements to the general public. Provided with my information, readers can decide whether or not to supplement their food with any of these substances.
This book describes the process of immunomodulation and the plants which possess immunomodulation properties to boost the immune system. The immunomodulation process is highly relevant to address emerging as well as existing diseases in humans. A better immune system triggers the cellular responses for neutralizing and combating the onset of disease conditions. Chapters in the book discuss plants that have profound effects on the health and well-being of humans. They discuss the natural phytochemicals that have immense diversity and uniqueness of molecules. Molecules belonging to phenylpropanoids, terpenoids, steroids, alkaloids, and tannins etc possess a variety of pharmacological activities. The chapters describe how bioactive exert effects even when taken as part of the diet, supplement, and or as traditional herbal medicine. This book provides up-to-date scientific knowledge about the activities and mechanisms and leads in the area of medicinal plants and phytochemicals with immunomodulation properties. This book is meant for students, academics, researchers, and industry professionals interested in pharmacology, immunology, and plant secondary metabolites.
Immunomodulation in Domestic Food Animals covers the developments in the immunology and regulation of the immune response in domestic food animals. This book is organized into four parts encompassing 12 chapters that describe numerous factors affecting an immune response of animals and the management of these factors for food animal production. Part I provides an overview of the basic concepts of immunomodulation and the rationale for manipulating the immune response in food animals. Part II contains information on immunopotentiation using chemicals and a thorough discussion of adjuvant use. The molecular biology and in vivo use of cytokines in food animals is presented in Part III. Lastly, Part IV discusses physiologically regulated immunomodulation, including nutritional modulation of the immune response and neuroendocrine-immune interactions. This book is of great value to immunologists, microbiologists, and feed scientists and researchers.