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The two main goals of the symposium upon which this volume is based were 1) to cement together knowledge presently available in the field of antibodies to steroids and obtainable only under separate covers in different journals and books, and 2) to present new data which could lead to a more complete understanding of physiologic phenomena like those occurring during the menstrual cycle, or to the elucidation of the mechanisms involved in steroid-protection interaction, or to the practical application of immunologic techniques to measurements of steroid hor mones. These techniques are extremely sensitive and can measure levels of steroid on the same order of magnitude as the radioisotope methods. However, the latter are much more laborious and costly which limits their use in many cases to the research laboratory. But the immunologic techniques generally classified as radioimmunoassay, are fraught with difficulties and problems which must be overcome. Fortunately, perhaps, the subject of immunologic techniques as applied to steroid determination is the child of radioimmunoassay of proteins, so to speak. Many of the problems which confront the former have been resolved in the latter instance. Thus, we are in an advantageous position because we are aware of the biologic and technical problems of the earlier radioimmunoassay techniques. Similar experiences have been reported in the book about the use of immunologic techniques for determination of steroid hormones.
Modern Methods of Steroid Analysis reviews modern methods of steroid analysis such as liquid column chromatography, mass spectrometry, and gas chromatography. Topics covered include qualitative and quantitative analysis of plant sterols by gas-liquid chromatography; Raman spectroscopy of steroids; nuclear magnetic resonance; and applications of lanthanide shift reagents. A computerized method for rapid comparison and retrieval of infrared spectral data is also described. This volume is comprised of 22 chapters and begins with an analysis of hormonal steroids using liquid column chromatography, followed by a discussion on the separation of insect molting hormones using high-pressure liquid chromatography. The reader is methodically introduced to the application of gradient elution and thin-layer chromatography to the analysis of corticosteroids and 17-ketosteroids, as well as some aspects of mass spectrometry in steroid analysis. Subsequent chapters explore other methods such as optical rotatory dispersion and circular dichroism, along with radioisotope techniques. In particular, the radioimmunoassay of plasma steroid hormones and plasma aldosterone is considered. This book should be of interest to biochemists.
Proceedings of the Fourth International Congress on Hormonal Steroids contains plenary speeches and symposia from the Fourth International Congress on Hormonal Steroids held in Mexico City in September 1974
Insects as a group occupy a middle ground in the biosphere between bacteria and viruses at one extreme, amphibians and mammals at the other. The size and general nature of insects present special problems to the study of ento mology. For example, many commercially available instruments are geared to measure in grams, while the forces commonly encountered in studying insects are in the milligram range. Therefore, techniques developed in the study of insects or in those fields concerned with the control of insect pests are often unique. Methods for measuring things are common to all sciences. Advances some times depend more on how something was done than on what was measured; indeed a given field often progresses from one technique to another as new methods are discovered, developed, and modified. Just as often, some of these techniques find their way into the classroom when the problems involved have been sufficiently ironed out to permit students to master the manipulations in a few laboratory periods. Many specialized techniques are confined to one specific research labora tory. Although methods may be considered commonplace where they are used, in another context even the simplest procedures may save considerable time. It is the purpose of this series (1) to report new developments in method ology, (2) to reveal sources of groups who have dealt with and solved particular entomological problems, and (3) to describe experiments which may be appli cable for use in biology laboratory courses.
Thirty years have elapsed since the first description by S. A. BERSON and R. S. Y ALOW of the basic principles of radioimmunoassay (RIA). During this period of time, RIA methodology has been instrumental to the growth of many areas of biomedical research, including endocrinology, oncology, hematology, and pharmacology. It has done so by providing a relatively simple universal tool allowing, for the first time, the detection of endogenous mediators that are present 12 10 in body fluids at concentrations as low as 10- _10- M. The fundamental nature of this discovery and the wide-ranging fall-out of basic and clinical knowledge derived from its application have been acknowledged by the many honors tributed to its pioneers, including the Nobel Prize awarded to Dr. Y ALOW 10 years ago. Although several excellent books have been published during the past decades covering various aspects of RIA methodology, we felt the need, as pharmacologists, for a comprehensive discussion of the methodological and conceptual issues related to the main classes of mediators of drug action and to drugs themselves. Thus, we gladly accepted the challenge provided by the invitation to edit a volume of the Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology on Radioimmunoassay in Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. We tried to balance the emphasis placed on more general aspects of the RIA methodology and that on specific mediators.
This book has information regarding the new developments in clinical instrumentation, focusing on fluorometers and densitometers, explaining the principles, the use of high performance liquid chromatography in clinical laboratories. Automated Microbiology; dabbling into detection, light scanning and analysis of particles. Amore recent aspect of automation has been, made possible by the advent of the microprocessor orcomputer-on-a-chip. The development of miniature, inexpensive micro-computers has resulted in the automation for relatively sophisticated processes. The two aspects of automation are represented in this monograph. The automated control of physical processes, and automation of the information processing. There are elements of both aspects of automation in this book. The areas discussed do emphasize more or less strongly either tight automated control of physical processes or automation of information processing. They all represent the attempt of medical technology to yield more precise, accurate, less expensive and faster to acid in the clinical diagnosis.
Annual Reports in Medicinal Chemistry