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Partial antibody characterization indicates that specific channel catfish immunoglobulins are macroglobulins with characteristics like those of most fish immunoglobulins and similar to those of human immunoglobulin-M.
Toxicity tables for the herbicides acrolein, dalapon, dichlobenil, diquat, and endothal list the test organisms, types of tests, experimental conditions, and test results. Each table is followed by a list of references. The materials provide a useful source of toxicity data on these herbicides to researchers, regulatory agencies, and manufacturers.
Data on certain aspects of the life history of the redtail surfperch were collected along the central coast of Oregon, from April 1967 through April 1969. Annulus formation occured during February through June, usually earlier in young than in older fish. Mating occurred from late December to early January, and the young were born from July through September. The number of embryos per female ranged from 1 to 39 (mean 13.3) and increased linearly with the length and weight of the females. Food of the fish from the surf zone included crustaceans (by far the most important group in both frequency of occurrence and total volume) and (in order of decreasing importance) fishes, mollusks, and polychaetes. Parasites of the redtail surfperch were immature nematodes (Anisakinae) ; the digenetic trematode Genitocotyle acirra; the monogenetic trematode, Diclidophora sp.; and the copepods, Caligus sp., Clavella sp., and Argulus catostomi.
Samples of crustacean zooplankton were collected monthly in west-central Lake Erie in April and June to October 1968, and in July and August 1970, before and during periods of hypolimnetic dissolved oxygen (DO) depletion. The water column at offshore stations was thermally stratified from June through September 1968, and the hypolimnion contained no DO in mid-August of 1968 or 1970. Composition, abundance, and vertical distribution of crustacean zooplankton changed coincidently with oxygen depletion. Zooplankton composition shifted from mainly cyclopoid copepods in July to mainly cladocerans and copepod nauplii in middle to late August. We believe that mortality of adults and dormancy of copepodites in response to anoxia was the probable reason for the late summer decline of planktonic C. b. thomasi.
Manipulation of photoperiods, combined with modifications by other environmental conditions such as temperature and salinity, can alter growth, smoltification, and sexual maturation of salmonid fishes by way of a neuroendocrine pathway. The extent of responses of salmonids to environmental changes, however, is restricted by circadian endogenous metabolic rhythms that cannot be completely overcome by external factors. The success of the manipulation of photoperiod depends primarily on four factors: the daily length and the duration of the light treatment; the season and time of day during which fish are exposed to light; the age, sex, size and species of fish; and the type of physiological response under consideration. Although gaps remain in the available information, salmonids apparently need systematically changing, intermittent periods of darkness for optimum long-term stimulation of growth, reproduction, and migration.
Studies conducted during the first 23 years of impoundment of Lake Francis Case indicated that fish abundance in the early 1970's was about half of that in the late 1950's. Of 39 species collected, 12 were abundant in the 1950's and 8 in the 1970's, but only 4 were abundant throughout the impoundment period.
The time and location of spawning, food and larvae, and habitats used as nursery areas by young-of-the-year fishes were studied from 1972 to 1975 in South Dakota waters of Lake Oahe, a main stem Missouri River reservoir. Sampling locations were in the tributary rivres -- the Grand Moreau, and Cheyenne -- and their embayments. Year-class strength of river-spawning species was strongly correlated with river flow rates during the spawning season. Success of reservoir-spawning species was primarily dependent on above-average water levels, which inundated terrestrial vegetation to provide a substrate for egg deposition and cover for larvae. Preserving adequate streamflow and enhancing reservoir shoreline areas by managing water levels, seeding vegetation, and eliminating grazing alongshore would probably ensure adequate reproduction of most areas.